A Bird : The Life Of Birds Is Highly Variable Among Species
A bird (or class Aves) is an animal belonging to the phylum tetrapod vertebrates
. If there are nearly 10,000 species of birds, both in their very different ecology than by their behavior, each of which presents a common set of characteristics obvious to the group. Birds have such a beak, feathers, wings and lay eggs.
Birds are remarkable for their ability to fly, with few exceptions (ratites, penguins). Especially since this feature is especially rare in vertebrates. They inhabit all walks of ice from the Antarctic to equatorial forests and deserts. This was made possible through anatomical adaptations, physiological and behavioral (particularly migration) varied. All these characteristics are studied by ornithologists.
Initially, the French language had to designate the birds, generic names based solely on morphology as rapacious, vulture, stork, duck, parrot, dove, goose, swan, etc.. or their use as poultry or waterfowl, some of these terms to designate the same birds from one region to another, as "Royalist". Then with the advent of systematic ornithologists have created more names based on the anatomy to be adapted to a grouping of taxonomic classification.
These are passed into everyday language, but many have proved polyphyletic, eg waterfowl. During the twentieth century, the classification has evolved by combining the different species according to bonds more subtle. Another revolution in the taxonomy occurred during the 1990s with the emergence of a classification based on genetics, namely the techniques of DNA hybridization. It is generally accepted in America while the resistance is more important in Europe.
Unlike most other animals, each species of bird has a single standard French name assigned by the International Commission of the French names of birds.A bird is an animal with four members, the body covered with feathers, with a horny beak without teeth. His hind legs are and his forelegs wings allowing most of them fly. The type of flight performance and that these species can be achieved are very different. Their weight ranges from a few grams for hummingbirds to over 100 kg for ostriches.
The morphology of birds is adapted to their habitat and their lifestyle. The birds on the beaches or in the marsh, for example, long legs. From the beak shape, any observer can easily deduce the diet. From the study of the wings, it is easy to deduce, for example, if the bird can fly. If migrating, its wings have a more tapered end, the wings more rounded at the ends show a more sedentary.
The morphology of the head also contains many elements that identify specific species such as the presence of a crest, a comb, wattles, vibrissa, of wattle wax mouthpiece.Plumage color and may also be ways to recognize a species. Some have surprising decorative feathers as the feathers of the tail tails of straw, or the lyre bird-male peacocks.
The life of birds is highly variable among species, it may be three or four years for some passerines over 50 albatrosses and shearwaters, and more than 60 years for some rare species like the kakapo. Within a species, depend moulting seasons, but also bird age and general condition thereof, and the knowledge of this phenomenon allows us to deduce the age of many wild birds . The pneumatization of the skeleton is another characteristic used to estimate the age of birds.
The most common parasites in birds belong to groups of mites, bird lice and worms. Other microscopic parasites, such as certain protozoa, causing diseases.
t least 2500 species of mites in 40 families live in close contact with birds, occupying their nests, feathers, beaks, or even as some mites of hummingbirds. These mites can have a relationship or simply phoretic can disrupt their hosts, causing itching, but may also be parasites like Dermanyssus and Ornithonyssus. All species of birds are concerned, even the penguins have ticks.
The lifestyle of a tick bird course depends on the species, however, the larva lives most often only in the nest. These mites have short reproductive cycles and are able to multiply very quickly. Some [Who?] Mites feed on dead skin, others, such as in hummingbirds, are carried from flower to flower and feed on nectar. In nests, we even discovered dwarf parasitic tick tick bird .
Too many ticks can affect the brood and even the life of chick . However, some studies suggest that this could not only adversely commensal birds . There are many studies on this complex interaction between mites and birds, many factors come into play. It is not easy to establish simple rules.The Mallophaga (including Ischnocera) insects are also called "biting lice. They are often subservient to a specific species of bird.
Several species of flatworms, including tapeworms and flukes can infect birds that can carry from one continent to another. For example, seabirds by eating nuts, promote a Trematode parasitism (such Meiogymnophalus, Himasthla, etc..) That can later be several host species, birds and shellfish.
by: Anna Kerry
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