Manjushri is referred to as an emanation of both the dhyani Buddha Amitabha
, who is also Avalokiteshvara's spiritual father, and of Akshobhya. This dual origin can be traced back to the fierce form of Akahobhya, the dharmapala Yamantaka, who can take on a fiercer guise, namely Vajrabhairva, and then be an extremely frightening guise of Manjushri. An earthly incarnation of Manjushri is the great reformer Tssongkhpa, the founder of the Gelugpa monastic order.