Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
Definitions
When the following terms are used in the Standards and Recommended Practices for Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation, they have the following meaning:
Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, in which:
a) A person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of:
being in the aircraft, or
direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the aircraft, or
direct exposure to jet blast, except when the injuries are from natural causes, self inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or
b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:
adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and
would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or accessories; or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tires, brakes, fairings, small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or
c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.
Note 1. For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death within thirty days of the date of the accident is classified as a fatal injury by ICAO.
Note 2. An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has been terminated and the wreckage has not been located.
Accredited representative. A person designated by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of participating in an investigation conducted by another State.
Adviser. A person appointed by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited representative in an investigation.
Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth's surface.
Causes. Actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a combination thereof, which led to the accident or incident.
Flight recorder. Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of complementing accident/incident investigation.
Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation.
Investigation. A process conducted for the purpose of accident prevention which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of conclusions, including the determination of causes and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations.
Investigator-in-charge. A person charged, on the basis of his or her qualifications, with the responsibility for the organization, conduct and control of an investigation.
Maximum mass. Maximum certificated take-off mass.
Operator. A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation.
Preliminary Report. The communication used for the prompt dissemination of data obtained during the early stages of the investigation.
Safety recommendation. A proposal of the accident investigation authority of the State conducting the investigation, based on information derived from the investigation, made with the intention of preventing accidents or incidents.
Serious incident. An incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred.
Note The difference between an accident and a serious incident lies only in the result.
Serious injury. An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and which:
a) Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days from the date the injury was received; or
b) Results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose); or
c) Involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon damage; or
d) Involves injury to any internal organ; or
e) Involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 per cent of the body surface; or
f) Involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation.
State of Design. The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the type design.
State of Manufacture. The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft.
State of Occurrence. The State in the territory of which an accident or incident occurs.
State of the Operator. The State in which the operator's principal place of business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator's permanent residence.
State of Registry. The State on whose register the aircraft is entered.
Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
By: Jamal Barki
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