All you need to know about computer power supplies

All you need to know about computer power supplies

Power supplies can be inbuilt or external. External power supplies are crucial to the operation of virtually all small electronic devices. They convert high alternating current (AC) from an electrical outlet to direct current (DC) used to power electronic products, like computers, MP3 players, PDAs, camcorders, digital cameras, mobile phones, IT equipment and laptops.

The power supply unit is the most vital component in the operation of a desktop computer, and is often the most overlooked component when making buying a computer. Why is the power supply unit so important? Well, it supplies power to all the other components in a computer, converting AC from an electrical outlet to DC which is needed by computer components. Without a power supply, none of the fancy hi-tech components in the computer would be able to function at all, so it is very important to buy a good power supply for all your needs.

Computer power supplies are sold based on their wattage, which is their total power output. A watt (W) is the product of the voltage in volts and the current in amperes or amps. You need to find a supply that is able to power all the components connected to the system. It is important that the power supply can support the various voltage levels and the current supplied. Each component in a computer requires different voltage and current levels to function. Generally, digital circuitry uses 3.3 volts and 5 volts, whereas the motors in disk drives and cooling fans use 12 volts.

The power supply should be able to convert or switch DC voltages according to their needs, and distribute it to all components. For more advanced computers, with extra features and gadgets, you will need a more robust power supply unit. Also, you must find a power supply that has sufficient connections for all these components.

A highly efficient power supply should have universal AC input, be self contained and hermetically sealed (airtight), have product safety certification (UL, CUL, TUV, CB and CE listings), and have a temperature range of -20oC to +85oC. Power supplies can be designed to be lightweight and low profile for consumers as well as for industrial use. Good power supplies use surface mount technology and through-hole components, providing maximum efficiency and high reliability.

Computer power supplies should also come with over voltage, over current, over load, short circuit and open circuit protection and thermal fuse protection. Most power supplies should have a lifespan of 100, 000 hours or more. Features such as auto-recovery start up and LED indicators are also included in certain power supplies.

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