Antibody molecule and ELISA kit technology play vital roles in the progression and development of current medicine, health and science

Antibody molecule and ELISA kit technology play vital roles in the progression and development of current medicine, health and science

Scientific researchers have been utilising the antibody molecule and the ELISA kit technology for many years to understand protein structure and its whole function. The substances that can be detected by the ELISA kit method include hormones, bacterial antigens, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, protein kinases and many more regulatory molecules. The method's by which an antibody is created and used has led to various powerful research technologies being discovered.

The human organism contains millions of different white blood cells called B lymphocytes or B cells for short. Each B-cell is capable of producing one type of antibody. Antibodies are globular plasma proteins and are produced by the immune system in response to the presence in the body of antigens. These antigens can be foreign proteins or polysaccharides. The antibody molecule is composed of four polypeptide chains which are named as two identical light and two identical heavy chains that are joined together by disulfide bridges. Though the general structure of all antibodies is the same, a small region at the tip of the antibody molecule is extremely variable. This feature allows millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures, also known as antigen binding sites, to exist. This property allows each antibody to contain a unique binding site on its membrane which will only bind the specific reciprocal binding site which can be found on a specific antigen. This type of unique interaction is more commonly known as the induced fit or lock and key. For antibodies to play their role in the human defence mechanism, they must be extremely diverse and yet highly specific. They also need the diversity to defend against a large number of unexpected and unknown possibilities.

ELISA kit technology is very simple to use and the results generated are immediate and very accurate. The ELISA kit technology has may benefits over other tests that are currently available on the market today. One of the major factors is that it is cheaper price per test when compare to other like for like tests. This explains why the ELISA kit technology is one of the most used test kits around the world. The specific induced fit or lock and key binding property of the antibody molecule with an specific antigen is the key feature used in the ELISA kit technology. This process allows the ELISA kit technology to detect specific molecules with high specificity and sensitivity because of the discriminatory capabilities of the antibody and antigen used. Although the performances of the ELISA test are significant, there are certain limitations. If the test is non-reactive, you might still be exposed to a pathogen, but this is usually occurs at the early stage, where the exposure is difficult to determine.

Scientists can use the results of antibody binding activity to identify a large selection of infectious diseases. Antibodies can also be used to recommend what kind of medical treatment that needs to be offered to patients. For antibodies to play their role in the defence mechanism, they must be extremely diverse and yet highly specific. They also need the diversity to defend against a large number of unexpected and unknown possibilities. The combination of the antibody molecule and the ELISA kit technology play a vital role in the progression and development of current medicine and science.

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