Bariatric Surgery, Good For Your Health In More Ways Than One
Modern bariatric surgery has come a long way since its development by Dr
. Edward E. Mason of the University of Iowa in 1967. Using resulting in massive, rapid weight loss, bariatric surgery is the general term for medical procedures resulting in the reconfiguration of a patient's digestive system.
The two common types of bariatric procedures in the U.S. are laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery and laparoscopic gastric banding, also known as "lap banding." Gastric bypass surgery is performed by shrinking the stomach from the size of a fist to a thumb. This alteration shortens the length of the small intestinal path in which food travels before entering the stomach. This shortened path limits the number of calories absorbed by the body.
Lap banding surgery involves wrapping a liquid-filled belt around the stomach that can be adjusted for tightness by adding or deducting saline through a port located under the skin's surface. The belt reduces food intake by cinching the stomach to evoke the feeling of being full.
Evidence that bariatric surgery has gained significant ground since its inception more than 40 years ago can be seen in the astounding number of procedures recently performed by surgeons.
Gastric bypass surgery was named the top ranked general surgical procedure in 2008 in a 2010 study by the University of California. Gastric band surgery placed third in the rankings, which were based on coding and billing data from academic centers.
Gastric bypass ranked second among surgical procedures when assessed by a number of operations performed per doctor on a yearly basis; with surgeons averaging 18.2 cases a year. Gastric banding placed fifth on the list, with surgeons performing the procedure 11.9 times a year.
Bariatric surgery = Cure for type 2 diabetes?
The rising number of bariatric procedures might be connected to the belief among some in the medical community that the operation is an effective way to treat type 2 diabetes in obese patients.
Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes and affects roughly 23.6 million Americans, or 7.8 percent of the U.S. population. More prevalent in people with obesity, research shows patients with type 2 diabetes can lessen or in some cases eliminate the effects of the disorder by reducing their body weight by approximately 10 percent. Despite this finding, the number of type 2 cases in the U.S. continues to rise each year by about eight percent.
An analysis of over 600 studies found 78 percent of people with type 2 diabetes who received bariatric surgery no longer experience symptoms related to the disorder, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA). According to the findings, the elimination of type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among patients receiving bypass surgery than banding procedures.
The analysis also found that blood glucose levels in patients receiving bariatric surgery improve far faster than those achieving weight loss through other means.
As a result of the findings, the ADA now recommends bariatric surgery as a possible treatment option to consider for severely obese people with type 2 diabetes.
Findings also suggest bariatric surgery reduces diabetes-related health care costs as well. A Johns Hopkins study found health care costs for each insured obese patient suffering from type 2 diabetes declined by more than 70 percent during the third year following surgery.
The results show that bariatric surgery has huge implications for public health and control of health care costs", said Dr. Marty Makary, the leader of the Johns Hopkins study. "Until a successful nonsurgical means for preventing and reversing obesity is developed, bariatric surgery appears to be the only intervention that can result in a sustained reversal of both obesity and type 2 diabetes in most patients receiving it.
by: Kevin Huguet
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