The very name of the illness bipolar tells us that it involves two extreme ends
. At its simplest it can be seen as mood swings from mania to depression and back. Lets look at each separately:
Symptoms of Mania
Mania can range from the normal level mood through hypomania (which covers mild to moderate) to severe mania.
On a high and very optimistic, happy and even euphoric
Unrealistic beliefs and ideas over ones abilities
Full of energy
Not feeling the need to sleep
Eating not seen as a necessity
Feeling self important and powerful
Illogical thinking and hallucinations
Rapid speech with the words tumbling out often in an incoherent fashion
Lack of concentration and jumping from one idea to another without finishing the one before
Easily distracted
Impulsiveness which impairs judgement
Unable to think things through and weigh up the consequences of actions
Symptoms of Depression
Depression ranges from the normal level mood through mild and moderate depression to severe depression.
Feeling sad and hopeless and very pessimistic
Unable to experience any pleasure
Lack of energy
Lethargy and loss of interest in daily life
Lack of appetite leading to weight loss
Often unable to sleep
Lack of concentration coupled with difficulty remembering things
Distinct feelings of lack of self worth and emptiness
Feelings of guilt and despair
Having hallucinations and illogical thinking
Suicidal thoughts
A sufferer will not experience all these symptoms. Also the two extremes may not be experienced in equal measure. The swing is not like a pendulum going back and forth in any kind of rhythm. It maybe the depression is deep and lingering and yet the mania hardly perceptible
.
There are terms to describe the various combinations of the bipolar symptoms. However, the symptoms will come in mixes according to the individual and a medical practitioners advice should be sought.
Rapid cycling
This term is used to describe the moving in and out of the normal mood into one or other of the extremes, or from one extreme to the other. It happens four or more times within the space of a single year.
Mixed episode
This is when both ends of the spectrum are happening together, so it possible to be full of ideas and yet unable to enjoy them.
Cyclothymia
In this there is a tendency to swing from mild mania to mild depression and back continuously for at least two years.
Psychosis
This involves the symptoms of hallucination and delusions and losing touch with reality. Communication with others maybe difficult. This is probably the rarest of these illnesses.
A qualified medical practitioner will be able to diagnose exactly what is going on.