Caddis / Sedges An Important Fly to The Fly Fisherman

Many species of caddis / sedge fly larvae enter a stage of inactivity called the pupa stage for weeks or months after they mature but before emergence

. Their emergence is then triggered by cooling water temperatures in the fall, effectively synchronizing the adult activity to generate mate-finding easier. In Northwestern US, caddisfly larvae within their gravel cases are called 'periwinkles' Caddis / sedge fly pupation occurs very similar to pupation of Lepidoptera That's, caddis / sedge flies within a cocoon spun from silk. Caddis flies which build the portable cases attach their case to some underwater object, seal the front and rear apertures against predation though still allowing water flow, and pupate within it. Once fully developed, most pupal caddis / sedge flies cut through their cases having a special pair of mandibles, swim up towards the water surface, dispose of skin and then the now-obsolete gills and mandibles, and emerge as fully formed adults. In a minority of species, the pupae swim to shore (either below the water - see figure - or across the surface) and crawl out to emerge. Many of them are able to fly immediately after breaking from their pupal skin. The adult stage of caddis / sedge flies, generally, is very short-lived, usually just one-2 weeks, but can sometimes last for two months. Most adults are non-feeding and are equipped mainly to mate. Once mated, the female caddis / sedge fly will often lay eggs (enclosed in a gelatinous mass) by attaching them above or below the water surface. hatch in as little as three weeks. Caddis sedge flies in most temperate areas complete their lifecycles in just one year. The general temperate-zone lifecycle pattern is one of larval feeding and growth in autumn, winter, and spring, with adult emergence between late spring and early fall, although the adult activity of some species peaks in the winter. Larvae are active in very cold water and can frequently be observed feeding under ice. In common with many aquatic insect species, many caddis / sedge fly adults emerge synchronously en masse. Such emergence patterns ensure that most caddisflies will encounter a member of the opposite sex within a timely fashion. Mass emergences of this nature are called 'hatches' by salmon and trout anglers, and salmonid fish species will frequently 'switch' to whatever species is emerging on a particular day. Anglers exploit this behavior by matching their artificial flies to the suitable fly.

Caddis / Sedges An Important Fly to The Fly Fisherman

By: Andy Kitchener

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