Cancer Causes and Symptoms and Methods of Treatment for Cancer

Cancer Causes and Symptoms and Methods of Treatment for Cancer

Cancer is defined as an inappropriate proliferation of a particular variety of cells with no biological, chemical or physical regulation and with an ability to spread all over the body by direct or indirect means.

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Since all cells in an organism originate from a single fertilised egg, all carry identical genetic information. Growth of the egg into a viable being follows a well regulated control system dictated to by the gene. Genetic expression includes well balanced biochemical systems which permit cells to clone themselves with varying degrees of autonomy, enabling expression activation under well coordinated control.

It is now confirmed that from the embryo stage itself certain abnormalities are already coded for revealing at a later stage in life e.g. translocation of chromosomes. Such genes are called oncogenes. There may be one such oncogene or several in an individual. How and why breakpoints are reached wherein translocations set off a single mother cell into producing a full blown cancer is not yet clear. It is possible that activation of cellular oncogenes may itself be due to a different genetic mechanism not yet known.

Methods of Treatment for Cancer

Surgery: Surgery can be used to prevent, treat, stage (determine how advanced the cancer is), and diagnose cancer. In relation to cancer treatment, surgery is done to remove tumors or as much of the cancerous tissue as possible. It is often performed in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

For those whose cancer is not treatable, palliative surgery may be an option to relieve pain that may be caused by the cancer. Palliative surgery is not intended to treat or cure the cancer, or even to prolong life, but more to lessen discomfort.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses of drugs to eliminate cancer cells. Unlike surgery, chemotherapy affects the entire body, not just a specific part. It works by targeting rapidly multiplying cancer cells. Unfortunately, other types of cells in our bodies also multiply at high rates, like hair follicle cells and the cells that line our stomachs. This is why chemo can cause side effects like hair loss and an upset stomach.

Chemotherapy is most commonly given by pill or intravenously (IV), but can be given in other ways. A single type of chemotherapy, or a combination of drugs, may be prescribed for a specific length of time. Like surgery, chemotherapy can be prescribed alone, in conjunction with radiation therapy or biologic therapy.

Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses certain types of energy to shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells. It works by damaging a cancer cell's DNA, making it unable to multiply. Cancer cells are highly sensitive to radiation and typically die when treated. Nearby healthy cells can be damaged as well, but are resilient and are able to fully recover.

Radiation therapy may be given alone, along with chemotherapy, and/or with surgery. The decision to combine radiation therapy with other types of treatment depends on the stage of cancer and other factors.

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