Chest Roentgenograms Examined For Interstitial Fibrosis From Asbestos Exposure

One interesting study is called, In vitro cytological and cytogenetic effects of an Indian variety of chrysotile asbestos by K

. Aravinda Babu, B. C. Lakkad, S. K. Nigam, D. K. Bhatt, A. B. Karnik, K. N. Thakore, S. K. Kashyap and S. K. Chatterjee - Environmental Research - Volume 21, Issue 2, April 1980, Pages 416-422. Here is an excerpt: Abstract - The cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of chrysotile asbestos (Indian Variety, AP-I) in vitro on Chinese hamster ovary cells were investigated. Chrysotile asbestos (AP-I) produces high vacuolization of cytoplasm, flattening of cells with increased size, and chromosomal aberrations. Both cytological and cytogenetic studies were dependent upon the dose and the period of exposure to chrysotile asbestos.

Another interesting study is called, Pulmonary fibrosis, carcinoma, and ferruginous body counts in amosite asbestosworkers. A study of six cases. By V L Roggli, S D Greenberg, L H Seitzman, M H McGavran, G A Hurst, C G Spivey, K G Nelson, L R Hieger - Am J Clin Pathol 1980; 73(4):496-503. Here is an excerpt: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 formeramosite asbestos workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and hadautopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these men were exposed to asbestos for three monthsor less. Four had lung cancer, and one a rectal carcinoma. All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous (asbestos)body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissuesections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for fibrosis and ferruginous bodies,and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial fibrosis. (Control lung tissue was obtained fromconsecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to asbestos.) Relativelylow ferruginous body counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of fibrosis,and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe fibrosis. Mild to moderate pulmonaryfibrosis could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chestroentgenograms.

Another interesting study is called, Radiographic Evidence of Asbestos Effects in American Marine Engineers by Jones, Robert N. M.D.; Diem, John E. Ph.D.; Ziskand, Morton M. M.D.; Rodriguez, Manuel M.D.; Weill, Hans M.D. - April 1984 - Volume 26 - Issue 4. Here is an excerpt: Abstract - Marine engineers undergoing routine annual chest roentgenography showed an unusual prevalence of pleural abnormalities including plaques suggestive of past asbestos exposure. A pilot survey, and a subsequent comprehensive study of the films of more than 5,000 men, showed an overall prevalence of 12% with pleural abnormality (typical calcification or plaque, or diffuse thickening). Prevalence of films classifiable for pneumoconiotic small opacities was negligible - 1.2% in the pilot study. Prevalences of pleural abnormality were significantly higher among men with longer union membership, after controlling for age. Older merchant ships contain substantial amounts of asbestos-containing thermal insulation. Marine engineers often remove and reapply insulation, operations known to produce high airborne fiber concentrations. These roentgenographic survey results indicate significant past asbestos exposures of ships' engineering department personnel.

Another interesting study is called, Asbestosis in Long-Term Employees of an Ontario Asbestos-Cement Factory. By Finkelstein, MM - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - Vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 496-501. 1982. Here is an excerpt: The authors studied the development of compensable (certified) asbestosis among the 201 workers at an asbestos-cement factory who were first exposed to asbestos dust prior to 1960 and who had been employed at least 15 yr. By July 1980, 39% of the production workers and 20% of the maintenance workers had developed a compensable chest disability; the "latent interval" generally exceeded 20 yr. Workers with asbestosis were found to have markedly elevated mortality rates with deaths caused by malignancies and respiratory disease being primarily responsible. We combined the limited air sampling data available with individual work histories to calculate 18-yr cumulative fiber exposures. The cumulative probability of certification was related to the cumulative exposures and the exposure-response relationships was found to be sigmoidal in form.

We all owe a debt of gratitude to these fine researchers for their important work. If you found any of these excerpts helpful, please read the studies in their entirety.

by: Mont Wrobleski

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