Compilation of Book and Development into Canon
Compilation of Book and Development into Canon
The books mentioned about later on developed into important cannons. There must be many other books about medicine compiled in ancient times. But why just these few ones became canons?
Firstly, these few books were comprehensive in contents and contained knowledge concerning many other fields. For instance, Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine) was a large book, probably containing the contents of many other medical books such as Tang Ye Jing Fa (Methods about Decoction) and Huang Di Shen Nong Shi Jin (Yellow Emperor and Agriculture God's Theory about Food Restriction). Similarly, when Huangfu Mi (215-282) in the Western Jin Dynasty compiled Zhen Jiu Jia Yi ]ing (A-B Classics on Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by combining the part from Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine) about Channels with the book entitled Huang Di Ming Tang Jing (Yellow Emperor's Bright Palace Canon) which studied the location and indication of Acupoints as well as the depth of needling After this large book was compiled, Huang Di Ming Tang Jing (Yellow Emperor's Bright Palace Canon) was no longer emphasized.
Secondly, canons are usually theoretically important and systematic in content. Though Nan Jing (Canon on Eighty-One Difficult Issues) is a small book, it is systematic in content because it has discussed many important concepts. Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine) talks about yin and yang regarding it as the law of the universe, the factor responsible for changes, growth and decline. While in Nan Jing (Canon on Eighty-One Difficult Issues), it maintains that ming men (Life Gate) is the source of life. Though Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine) and Nan Jing (Canon on Eighty-One Difficult Issues) were not compiled so early as some people suggested, they are still very important and valuable as canons. In recent two thousands of years, doctors studied them to learn the flow of qi and blood as well as the essentials about viscera and their functions, to understand how to apply the philosophical ideas like wu xing (five elements) in studying life, to analyze the causes and pathogenesis of diseases and to develop newtheoretical ideas about medicine.
Shang Han Za Bing Lun (Treatise on Cold Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases) was compiled in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but it was unpopular even in the Tang Dynasty. For instance, it was even not mentioned in the book entitled Wai Tai Mi Yao (Arcane Essentials from theImperial Library) compiled by Wang Tao (c. 670-755) in the Tang Dynasty. In the book entitled Qian ]in Yi Fang(Supplement to Golden Prescriptions) compiled by Sun $imiao (581-682), it was included in the list of books about prescriptions, but was not regarded as a canon. It was not until the Song Dynasty that the value of Shang Han Za Bing Lun (Treatise on Cold Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases) was finally recognized and studied thoroughly and intensively. Ever since then Zhang Zhongjing was Worshiped as the god of medicine.
Part of the reason that these medical books gradually became cannons was the literature factor involved in it. For instance, 162 chapters in Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine) were obviously written by dOCtors with excellent literature education.
During the period following the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties, the study of medicine was characterized by re-compilation of literature and re-collection of books about prescriptions. In the Song Dynasty, scholars became more and more interested in administrative tasks. There was a saying appreciated by many people then. That was"if you cannot become an excellent prime minister, then you should become an excellent doctor."
Some people thought that the reason that these bookscompiled in ancient times became cannons was due to the fact that they were compiled in the names of Huang Di (Yellow Emperor), Bian Quan (Qin Yueren) and Shen Nong (God of Agriculture). This is actually not the case. There were many other books that were also compiled in the names of these great figures, but they were already lost in history. It is true that in the medical field many people worship canons and tradition, believing that the theory of medicine established in the antiquity was perfect. In this field, new knowledge was constantly accumulated, but it was just regarded as the explanation of the old, not the criticism of the old.
The TCM approach is fundamentally different from that of Western medicine. In TCM, the understanding of the human body is based on the holistic understanding of the universe as described in Daoism, and the treatment of illness is based primarily on the diagnosis and differentiation of syndromes.
The TCM approach is fundamentally different from that of Western medicine. In TCM, the understanding of the human body is based on the holistic understanding of the universe as described in Daoism, and the treatment of illness is based primarily on the diagnosis and differentiation of syndromes.
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