Difference Between The Spoken And Written Forms Of Kannada Language

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SPOKEN AND WRITTEN FORMS OF KANNADA LANGUAGE:

A language usually has 4 basic and different features in its usage. They are as follow;

1) Listening or understanding; 2) Speaking or expressing; 3) Reading and 4) Writing.

The first two features are primarily concerned with the spoken form where as the other two are concerned with the written form. Every language has the first two basic characteristics and a language with the script has all the four characteristics. Kannada has adapted all 4 of the above mentioned characteristic features in its usage.

Kannada is basically phonetic in nature; still there is a considerable difference between the spoken and written language forms. There are at least 20 variant dialects that can be recognized and are distributed among various geographical regions of the state; where as the written form is quite standard and is distinctly uniform in its usage through out. In short the colloquial form is area specific where as the written form is quite unique. In a country like India; the people who use spoken form outnumber the people using written form at any given time and place. The literate and educated can use all the 4 features of their language; others use the first 2 features. Examine these differences between the written and spoken forms in Kannada.

Written formSpoken form

Shivamogga. (the name of a city)Shimoga, Shimoggi , Simoga , Simoggi etc.

Adike. (Beetle nut)Adke, Adki.

Avanu. (He)Ava, Avnu

Avaru barali. (Let them come.)Avru barli.

The written form is more formal and adherent to grammar; it is generally used in books and news papers, teaching classes, giving a formal speech, seminars and such other formal activities. The colloquial form is rather informal; it is more inclined towards the successful interaction among the speakers rather than having a strict adherence to grammar. It is a convenient form of the written form. In fact man first communicated using hand made symbols and physical gestures and later developed a language which was primarily only of spoken nature. The written form was developed after this; so it is evident that spoken form is quite an older version in comparison with the written version.

In linguistic studies, written form was held with higher esteem over the colloquial form; research and references were often made taking into consideration the written or literary sources. It was only after the 19th century that there was a change in the attitude; the spoken forms were also taken as the reference for linguistic research. Leonard Bloomfield, the renowned American linguist opined that ""Literature by itself is not the language; it"s the recorded expression of the speech. In this regard some works in Kannada are noteworthy, of them William Bright"s A descriptive study of colloquial Kannada; Dr. Ha.Ma. Nayak"s Kannada-Literary and Colloquial; Herald Schiffman"s The reference grammar of Kannada is important. In fact literary and colloquial forms are of equal importance; none of them are above the other.

by: jakson1952

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