Diseases Associated With Obesity

The results on numerous researches suggest that in fact all cells

, tissues, organs, and systems are affected in obesity. First of all, considerable changes of lipid metabolism in blood and tissues lead to the development of atherosclerosis and reduction of life expectancy.

Cardiovascular system

The first victim of obesity is the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the disturbances associated with obesity in essence cannot be considered as complications, but are, as a matter of fact, the main manifestations of obesity. These disorders, which include degenerative changes in the myocardium, atherosclerotic vascular affections and changes of blood pressure, are manifested first and foremost. To create objective representation of these processes, doctors often recur to BMI calc offering the possibility to determine Body Mass Index and weight category. Considerable amounts of abdominal fat complicate the heart function due to diaphragm elevation, prevention of its movements, and reduction of respiratory excursion of the chest. With the progression of obesity and increasing body weight, the heart becomes covered by a fat shell; the fat is deposited in the connective tissue of myocardium. The changes in the myocardium lead to a noticeable reduction in contractility of the heart muscle. Depending on the degree of weight gain, the size of the heart increases proportionally. Patients experience shortness of breath, reduced work capacity, heart pain, and increasing of blood pressure.

Respiratory system

Obesity leads to the dysfunction of the respiratory system. Vital capacity of the lungs can be significantly reduced because of the compression of the lungs and respiratory problems associated with the impaired metabolic processes in the lung tissue. Obesity is accompanied by spinal curvature, high standing of the diaphragm, chest wall deformity, and reduction of its elasticity. Due to obesity the lung gas exchange is impaired and ventilation is diminished. This leads to a lack of blood supply to the lung tissue and settlement of microorganisms in the affected areas of the lungs. Obese patients often suffer from acute respiratory infections, influenza, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

Gastrointestinal system

Overeating leads to the overload of the gastrointestinal tract and its anatomical changes. Many patients have increased gastric secretory function and chronic gastritis. Liver is often affected in obesity. The synthesis of important compounds and lipid metabolism are disturbed, which leads to the excessive accumulation of fat in the body tissue. At the same time, the function of biliary system is also disturbed. This results the formation of gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder and bile ducts.

Endocrine system

Obesity affects sensitivity to insulin and causes disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The insular apparatus of the pancreas is overstrained. Insular apparatus of the pancreas in obese people reacts to glucose by pronounced insulin release. Obesity in patients with diabetes is found in more than 60% of cases. Often obese patients have impaired gonadal function. Men may suffer from impotence even at a young age. Women have derangements of menstrual cycle. More than half of obese women suffer from infertility.

by: FBarrow

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