Dry and wet forms of macular degeneration

Dry and wet forms of macular degeneration

Age related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD) is an eye disease that mostly affects the old. Suffering from this condition, people have poor central vision while peripheral vision remains normal. There are dry and wet forms of AMD, both of which damage central vision. But these two types of macular degeneration have their own characteristics.

Also called non-neovascular macular degeneration, dry AMD is more chronic than wet form. Dry AMD is usually detected during a regular eye exam. This form of macular degeneration often begins at a middle age and appears as the accumulation of drusen in the eyes. Showing as deposits, the drusen buildup is usually unprocessed protein or waste products. Being yellow in color, the drusen buildup always occurs between the choroid and retina.

Drusen deposits are actually early signs of dry macular degeneration that can be found by an ophthalmologist. Obvious symptoms can be seen only until there is a significant amount of drusen. Over time, dry macular degeneration will progress into advance non-neovascular AMD. At such a stage, various symptoms will occur, including blurriness, scotomas, and dark areas of impaired vision. Patients with advanced dry AMD will chronically lose the ability to recognize detailed visual images. At the end, only peripheral vision is there for use. Some activities that require good eyesight such as driving are impossible.

Another form of age related macular degeneration is wet AMD, which is also named neovascular AMD. Wet AMD progresses much faster than dry AMD. In detail, wet AMD can develop into vision loss within several months, while dry AMD usually takes years to reach an advanced stage. Wet macular degeneration does not involve drusen accumulation. As the name neovascular AMD indicates, wet AMD involves an abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eyes. Appearing in the choroid, the abnormal growth of new blood vessel will rapidly develop into leaking blood or fluids. This leakage often causes scaring and damage to the macula, resulting in central vision loss.

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