Dubbing, An Industry That Flourishes In The Age Of Blueray

The dubbing industry has its origins in the rise of spoken motion pictures in the late '20s

. If silent films required only the translation of titles, labels and advertisements, most movies spoken in English soon faced the need to translate dialogues to reach other markets. There was no way to understand the story line by simply looking at the actor"s gestures or the general context of the scene. The alternative of subtitling was obvious, but it was not popular in Europe where many people had difficulty to read and cinema was pure entertainment, so read more than a line or two was quite an inconvenient.

Dubbing and more specifically, lip-synch dubbing imposed itself as that was what the people were asking for. It was a great business opportunity so all over Europe sound studios began to recruit actors and mimic with their voices the lines from those larger than life vedettes of Hollywood. Soon the biggest countries in Western Europe boasted the fact that they had the best dubbing industry in the world and that their voice actors were number one. It's an urban legend that made headway in countries like Spain, France or Italy, and allowed further support to a sector where competition was almost absent: a few studios provide a select cast of voice actors who soon monopolized the market.

The technology at this stage provided the necessary changes so that the recorded voices integrated natural, original sound as well as the peculiar sound effects of the movie. So studios got the original VI track from Hollywood and then just recorded the voice-over but adapting the text to the length of the original lines, so that it allowed an natural synchronization. Over the years Hollywood provided to the dubbing studios with multiple tracks to get even better realism. Still today the recorded voice must have the same original effects, reproducing the ambience that is represented in the scenes. Reverberation is used in order that the voice track matches the original sound.

Dubbing, as cinema, is both an art and an industry. Performing a state-of-the-art dubbing is not easy task. What Italians say about translations: "traduttore, traditore" can also be applied in the dubbing for film or television as there is a certain betrayal when a foreign dialogue is translated, transformed and then put into the mouths of other actors.

For dubbing to respect, maintain and even enhance the original dialogue a fundamental principle should be respected: the dubbing must be able to pour into the other language the original twists and expressions full of subtleties, without missing or information, or emotion. In other words dubbing is not a mere transposition of spoken content, it is rather a real "localization" where not only language skills are involved, but also artistic and technical savoir-faire.

by: Antonio Garca

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