During The Life Of The Plant
Since the germinating plant seeds until it produces are happening again different types of sheets
, which are described below:
Cotyledons or embryonic leaves: the first leaves that are observed after seed germination. Usually the number is characteristic for each group of plants. Thus, plants monocots have one cotyledon, the dicots have two and gymnosperms from two to many. The cotyledons may be epigean when expanded during germination of the seed, tear covers the seed, growing above the ground surface and, in many cases begin to photosynthesize. Hypogeous cotyledons are not expanded, are below the surface and do not perform photosynthesis. The latter case is typical for those species, such as nuts and acorns, in which the cotyledons act primarily as storage organs with nutrients. 12 13 In the case of dicotyledonous plants in which the cotyledons are photosynthetic, they are functionally Similar to the leaves. However, true leaves and cotyledons have dieferencias both structural and development. The cotyledons are formed during embryogenesis, together with the root meristem stem and, therefore, are present in the seed prior to germination. True leaves, however, are formed after germination and from the apical meristem stem, which is responsible for the subsequent generation of the aerial parts of the plant. Cotyledons generally have short life and its shape is different from the nomfilos . In exceptional cases, as in some gesnericeas tropical Monophyllaea and Streptocarpus the cotyledons are the only sheets that form. One of them is enlarged considerably and constitutes a sheet length; in armpit develops inflorescence . 9
Primary leaves or cataphylls : the first born leaves above the cotyledons of the young plant. In normal species whose leaves are compound, such as soybean and ash , the primary leaves are simple or with fewer leaflets . In other species, such as peas and sunflowers , the primary leaves have the same way as nomfilos but smaller.
Vegetative leaves or nomfilos : appearing after the primary leaves and are formed during the lifetime of the plant. Are morphologically more complex and are the leaves of each species.
Prophylls : the first leaves on a lateral axis. Have a characteristic position, lateral and dorsal dicotyledonous and welded together in monocots. On the lateral axis after prophylls nomfilos may develop other types of sheets as bracts or antfilos .
Preflorales leaves: when plants move from vegetative to floral state, the change is usually preceded by the change in shape of leaves. In general, the size of the lamina is reduced, the petioles are shortened until the leaves become sessile and color thereof tends to be different, as is the case of Euphorbia pulcherrima and Bougainvillea spectabilis ). When leaves are preflorales on the main shaft are called bracts or hypsophylls and when found on a lateral axis are called bracteoles . These are deciduous organs that surround the flowers and thus are distinct from both the nomfilos as parts of the perianth . Despite being generally green, its main function is photosynthesis, but the protection of the flowers or inflorescences . Its size is very variable. In some cases, such as linden ( Tilia cordata ) or in the spathes are larger than the inflorescence . In other cases, such as the family of composite , are very small, eg bracts forming the involucre around the base of the chapter in the dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ). They are usually green, but often present additional pigments that give them a different color.
Antfilos or floral leaves: they are modified leaves that make up the organs floral . The so-called sterile antfilos are those forming the perianth or perianths , ie, the sepals and petals. The petals are often the most visible parts of the flower are usually brightly colored, attractive function, organized in an envelope of the remaining parts of the flower called corolla. Sometimes they carry nectaries or nectar-producing glands. The sepals are more similar to normal leaves than the others. They are usually green and lie under the petals, closing the flower from below. When the flower is springing up, they enclose and protect the delicate internal parts. tepal is the term used when all antfilos the perianth are similar in form and color and therefore are not clearly differentiated sepals petals, as usual occurs in plants monocots . The antfilos fertile , on the other hand, are highly modified leaves on which organs develop producing sex cells. We distinguish between the stamens and carpels .
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