Getting To Know The Parts Of Fiber Optic Cables

We know Fiber Optic Cables are changing the limits today in telecommunications

, television, and data systems. These new technologies offer many advantages over more traditional systems, such as coaxial cables and metal wire. In order to understand what it is that makes these systems so much better in so many applications. It is important to first understand how these cables are made and operate.

Optical fibers for telecommunication consist of three components. These components are the core, cladding, and the coating or sometimes referred to as the jacket. These components are arranged in concentric circles, or layers, starting at the center of the interior of the cable.

The first layer, found at the center of the cable, is relevantly termed the core. This is the part of the cable in which the light signals are transmitted. There are different types of optical fibers which range in diameter. In general, today's industry uses optical fibers with diameters of 8.3 , 50 , and 62.5 micrometers. The average diameter of a human hair is 70 micrometers. The light signal travels through this core, which is protected and shielded by a second layer called the cladding.

The cladding surrounds the core and serves two main purposes. Firstly, it protects the core and the signal from any external interference. Secondly, the cladding provides an internal reflective boundary, designed to keep the signal contained within the core of the fiber. This design is commonly referred to as "total internal reflection" and directs the signal in the desired direction, while preventing nearly any of the data from being lost.

The core and cladding are manufactured together as a single piece of silica glass with slightly different compositions, and cannot be separated from one another. The glass does not have a hole in the core, as you may envision. Rather, it is completely solid throughout.

The final and outermost layer is called the coating. Sometimes, or sometimes it is called the jacket. This coating is typically an ultraviolet or UV light-cured acryl are applied during the manufacturing process. The purpose of it is to provide physical and environmental protection for the fiber. During the installation process, this coating is stripped away from the cladding in order to allow proper operation.

With the use of Fiber Optic Cables we have the advantage of speed. It has a much cleaner signal than conventional copper cabling and can transmit signals at more than 10GB per second. To put it into perspective, fiber optic cabling is to digital information as electrical cabling is to analog information.

by: John Limbocker

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