Heat Exchanger: What Are The Types And Applications?
A heat exchanger is a device which is used to exchange heat between two different media
. It takes heat away from a hot media and transfers it to a cooler media. The
hotter and cooler media may be in direct contact with each other or may be separated by a solid wall. They are used in different places like space heating, air
conditioning, refrigeration, oil refining, sewage treatment natural gas processing etc. but the most important use of the heat exchangers is in the nuclear reactors.
The excess heat produced in the nuclear reactors is to be removed constantly using a coolant or else the whole reactor will explode in a few hours.
Several types of heat exchangers are available in the market. Let us have a look at them. Among them, shell and tube exchanger is the most popular one. It contains two
sets of tubes, one of which contains the substance to be heated or cooled and another one contains the fluid which is used to achieve this. Because of their shape,
this coolant is very robust and can withstand very high pressure. It can be used in conditions having a pressure of up to 30 bars and a temperature of about 260 degree
Celsius.
Another variety of heat exchanger is a multiple plate heat exchanger. It consists of several plates made of some metal, which are separated by a small space in between
them. This provides a very large surface area for cooling. The fluid to be cooled runs over the metal plates. Since metal is a very good conductor of heat, it absorbs
the heat of the fluid and helps it to cool down rapidly. The coiled pipes that run through different chambers inside this device carry the fluid which has to be cooled
and the thin plates ensure that the fluid comes into contact with a very large surface area of the heat exchanger, enhancing the cooling process.
In diaries, large quantity of milk is to be cooled in a relatively short period of time. Pillow heat exchangers are used for this purpose. They allow uniform cooling
of the milk all over the container, because they provide maximum area for cooling. This heat exchanger is manufactured by welding a thin metal sheet on a thick metal
sheet. After welding it, sufficient force is applied on it to make it bulge over the thick plate, which gives it the appearance of a pillow. So it got its name pillow
plate heat exchanger.
Phase change heat exchangers are the heat exchangers which are used in chemical industries. Instead of exchanging the heat between simply between two media like the
traditional heat exchangers, this system achieves the process by changing the phase of the substance. That means, the liquid is boiled and evaporated to heat it and
the vapor is cooled and condensed to get back the liquid. The best example for the usage of phase change heat exchangers is in the power plants where the steam
turbines are used to generate electricity. The heat exchangers are used to convert water into steam in these power plants. Thus depending on the nature of our business
and industry, we have to select the type of heat exchanger which suits us the best.
by: alicia nicole
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