Herpes Simplex Infection
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is caused by two major antigenic types of HSV:
HSv-1 is generally associated with facial infections, and HSV-2 is associated with genital infections. In certain proportion of cases, there is an overlap. Transmission of HSV infection occurs through droplet infection and direct contact. HSV infections have two phases. After the primary, the virus becomes established in a nerve ganglion (latent infection). The secondary phase is characterized by recurrent disease at the same site. The incubation period of HSV infection is 4 to 5 days. Grouped umbilicated vesicular lesions are the hallmark of HSV infections.
Primary HSV infections
1- Herpetic gingivostomatitis
2- Herpes genitals
3- Keratoconjunctivitis
4- Herpetic whitlow
5- Eczema herpetic (Kaposi's varicelliform eruption)
6- Disseminated herpes.
Primary HSV infection occurs in persons with no previous exposure to the virus. The primary infection is severe (widespread with constitutional symptoms) and prolonged, requiring 2 to 6 weeks for complete healing. HSV-1 infection occurs infancy and childhood while HSV-2 occurs mainly after puberty.
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis occurs in children of 1 to 5 years age. The onset of severs primary gingivostomatitis is characterized by sore throat and fever, followed by extremely painful vesicles and erosions in the oral cavity and pharynx including gingival ( gums ) . These vesicles soon evolve into coalescing erosions.
Primary herpetic genitals it is a sexually transmitted disease and involves genitalia
Primary keratoconjunctivitits it is the primary infection, involving cornea and conjunctiva.
Primary herpetic whitlow it involves fingers of health professionals.
Kaposi's varicelliform eruption ( eczema herpeticum ) it is a widespread primary HSV infection in a topic dermatitis.
Disseminated herpes it occursin immunocompromised individuals.
Recurrent HSV infections
1-Herpes facial's or labials
2-Herpes genitals
3-Kaposi's varicelliform eruption ( eczema herpetic )
4-Herpetic whitlow
5-Keratoconjunctivitis
Recurrent HSV infections differ from primary HSV infections as follows:
1-the size of vesicle is small
2-Vesicles show close grouping and unilateral focal occurrence.
3-Usually, constitutional symptoms are absent.
4-The herpetic lesions heal in 7 to 10 days.
Herpes a labial is commonly precipitated by trauma to the lips or by emotional stress, febrile illness, fatigue, menstruation or upper respiratory tract infections.
Kaposi's varicllifom eruption (eczema herpetic) is a special form of widespread coetaneous viral infection occurring in a patient with pre-existing skin disease. A topic eczema is the most common predisposing condition.
Majority of case are due to infections with herpes simplex virus, hence called eczema herpetic. Clinically, it presents with clusters of umbilicated vesicles in areas where the skin has been previously features abnormal. It usually severely affected and may be edematous.
by: hassan.sh
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