How Does Your Brain Control Your Body's Response to Dieting?

How Does Your Brain Control Your Body's Response to Dieting

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When we look at our bodies, we tend to see only the surface, the skin and muscles, the bone structure of our face. Yet this mysterious thing we live in is infinitely complex, and part of that complexity is what makes dieting so hard. Somewhere within us are systems that regulate how much bodyfat we retain, and how we respond to dieting. If you have ever spoken to a dieter you will no doubt have heard how hard it is to lose weight, while how easy it is to put it right back on. Why is that? What part of your body is controlling your weight, and how does it do that?

The answer lies within your brain. A gland called the hypothalamus calls all the shots, telling your body to gain or lose weight depending on where you stand in relation to your set point'. This set point is pretty much dictated by genetics, and it represents the amount of body fat that your brain likes you to have. Some lucky people might have a set point of 12%, while others might have one of 25%.

Whenever you get away from this through exercise or dieting, your hypothalamus will begin to fight to return to those levels.

How does it do this? In 1994 scientists discovered a hormone called leptin that alerts the hypothalamus to changes in body fat. Since then, scientists have discovered a host of other hormones that help leptin do the same thing, hormones with names such as ghrelin, insulin, peptide YY, and more. These all report to the hypothalamus and tell it that changes are afoot, and in response the hypothalamus kicks into high gear and begins to release other hormones that order your body's systems to react.

These hormones that it releases can change your metabolic rate, making you more lethargic and less able to burn fat, less willing to exercise and more prone to conserving energy. They can increase your appetite so that you are always hungry and ready to eat food, and make it really hard to lose weight. Then when you finally do begin to eat again, all these hormones can regulate your systems so that you put on all the fat that you lost, until your hypothalamus is happy that you've returned to your set point. This makes dieting incredibly difficult, as what you are doing is basically waging a war against your own brain and hormones by trying to lose weight.

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