How Seals Are Used In Different Industries

The applications of seals in the linear motion industry was an outcome of the development

and engineering of the gaskets and sealing rings used in various machinery invented and developed during World War II.

The use of more complicated machinery called for precision spring energized seals that kept the interior lubricating fluids from leaking out or the delicate mechanisms being contaminated by foreign contaminants. The current specifications of spring energized seals ranges from 1.27mm (.050") to about 1,000 mm (40") in size. These specialized components are used in many different types of technology from medical and mechanical to the deeps of the underwater oil rigs and exploratory craft high above the earth.

Several different engineering designs were used, from the U shaped cantilever, the Inclined Coil and Helical wound. The U shaped were engineered for the use of u or v shaped springs that provided the energy necessary for the seal to work properly by using the system pressures from five to over thirty five pounds per linear inch of surface that the seal contacts and measure from one sixteenth to five eights of an inch in size. The primary uses of the U shaped spring loaded seals are in angular, oscillating and reciprocating motion. A primary example is in the medical and pharmaceutical fields.

The helical wound springs produce a higher pressure of twenty eight to thirty two pounds per inch compared to the ten to twelve pounds per inch with the u shaped seals. This makes them ideal for use in sealing rough surfaces, gas and especially in the cryogenic field. The engineering tolerances are low for extreme unexpected movement and low friction. The third major type of spring energized seals is the inclined coil spring that provides great strength for its size; is available in the same sizes both the spring and helical wound and is engineered to withstand the repeated force in small areas.

Rod seals are primarily used in hydraulic cylinders where the output of force is many times that of the generating power from the linear movement of fluid in the cylinder. Engineered to precise specifications with low friction rod and the long life rod seals that handle from zero to five thousand pounds per square inch of pressure.

The ultra high rod seals are rated to handle from four thousand to twenty eight hundred pounds of pressure per square inch and the high pressure seals are designed to withstand pressures of three thousand to five thousand pounds per square inch.

The principle of hydraulic pressure to move large objects has been known for thousands of years and the engineering of the linear rod seals used in today's technology is found in many different aspects, from the hydraulic press in the garbage truck to the generators powered by the turbines deep in the large dams of the waterways. It is of critical importance that the rod seal fit the linear rod exactly; if it leaks the damage to equipment and machinery or the environment would be costly.

Hydraulic seals are used for equipment that employs thousands of pounds per square inch in movement to move otherwise impact very dense or heavy objects; one example is in the mining for coal or ore. Oil rig drilling is another application of the hydraulic pressure application and rotary motion combined. The seals for hydraulic equipment used in the mining industry are manufactured from a range of fabric, rubber, nitrille rubber compounds and thermoplastics.

Applications of these hydraulic seals include the machines used to tunnel through rock, support the walls and roofs of the tunnels, the machinery used to haul the ore from the mine to the crusher or mill for further processing.

Pneumatic seals are engineered to perform the best with the applications using low pressure and require some type of lubrication when in use, primarily with the rotary or reciprocating motions in industry applications. Some examples are the piston seals, rod seals, vee cups and u cups as well as flanges of equipment. The range of psi is from one to one hundred fifty pounds per square inch.

Most of the pneumatic seals are on equipment that uses air, such as compressors and compression machines used in painting, automotive shops and machine shops. The seals used will be affected if the hose size or fittings are the wrong size for the machines being used.

by: Andrew Long

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