How To Care For Your Battery
We all want our batteries to last as long as possible
, with as close to full capacity as possible, and optimally for the entire life-span of the device. This is not as simple as one could hope.
There are no doubt that Li-Ion type of battery are very tolerant to whatever you do to them of partial charging, fast charging or what ever. Especially compared to the old NiMH or the ancient NiCd types and their "Memory effect". But still they are by no means completely indifferent.
Auni pointed me to this very interesting site
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries
Thanks! I've been looking for something like that for years...
It contains this table. [added a column for Battery Energy Factor Over Life (BEFOL) ]
Depth of discharge
Discharge cycles
BEFOL
Table 2: Cycle life and depth of discharge
100% DoD
50% DoD
25% DoD
10% DoD
500
1500
2500
4700
425
637
531
400
The DoD is how deep you discharge. From 100%bc to 75%bc would be 25%DoD
The BEFOL says how many times of "labelled energy" you will get out of the battery accumulated over its life time with each approach.
The BEFOL-estimates here are calculated assuming a linear deterioration of the battery from 100% to 70% of its original capacity. This assumption though not accurate is based on a graph in the article.
By looking at the numbers in the table alone we have a rough estimate of the
Optimal Battery Energy Factor Over Life (OBEFOL) to 637.
And the corresponding Optimal DoD (ODoD) is 50%DoD, which are the interesting figure in this context.
(If you to get a better estimate try to plot the four pairs of BEFOL versus DoD in a diagram and draw a smooth curve through them, you'll see that the top will most likely be close to the 50% perhaps a bit higher, so 60-50% DoD would be the optimal, that would be discharging from 100%bc to 40-50%bc)
Some hot batteries:
ACER Aspire 3000 Battery,
APPLE A1175 Battery,
ThinkPad T60 Battery and more.
This shows that you would get the most out of the battery during its lifespan by NEITHER charging&depleting it fully every time NOR by charging&depleting it by a small amount each time!!
Roughly two batteries are needed using the "50% DoD" approach over the same period three are needed using either the "100% DoD" or "10% DoD" approach.
This is most important on devices with non replaceable batteries!!
Also note these quotes:
"avoid frequent full discharges"
"the battery does not need periodic full discharge cycles other than to calibrate the fuel gauge on a smart battery"
"Lithium-ion suffers stress when exposed to heat and kept at a high charge voltage."
"Elevated temperature is anything that dwells above 30C (86F), and a high voltage is higher than 4.10V/cell"
"The worst condition is keeping a fully charged battery at elevated temperatures, which is the case when running a laptop on the power grid. Under these circumstances the battery will typically last for about two years, whether cycled or not."
The table and the calculus are done with cycles charging the battery fully.
Substantial increase in the number of cycles over a life time can be achieved if the charging is stopped at a somewhat lower voltage.
Roughly the number can be doubled(!) if the final Voltage is decreased by 0.1V. This would of course also decrease the amount of energy each charging could hold, and I do not have access to use the data that would be needed to calculate the BEFOL for each of these approaches.
So even though it quite surely would be the best to only charge while the phone is off, and to stop before we get near the 100%bc. That is to cycle between using the phone from say 90%bc to 40%bc, and turn the phone off, charging 40%bc to 90%bc and turn it back on. This would be very impractical in real life, so we need to rely on the circuitry to not overcharge too much. And as the idle consumption is reasonably low, we can omit turning the phone off during charging, as long as we avoid using the phone (heavily) while charging. Especially avoid it to get heated.
by: jackwu
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