Hybridity In Immigration And Translated Literature
Nowadays, we live in a changing world in which nothing is stable and borders have been mixed
. As a result of these changes and mixtures new concepts like 'hybridity' have come into being. This concept has a wide scope and it is discussed in different fields of study like Cultural Studies, Biology and Translation Studies.
Hybridity means mixture and originates from the Latin word hybrid, a term used to classify the offspring of a tame sow and a wild boar. Basically, this term belongs to the field of biology. It was used in linguistics and racial theory in 19th century. Hybridity has had a wide range of usages, for example it was a useful tool in forming a discourse of racial mixing that came into being at the end of 18th century. Hybrids are considered as inferior races, weak and second rate persons.
Different theorists have different views to this concept and each has proceeded to a new aspect. One of the most disputed terms in postcolonial studies, 'hybridity' commonly refers to "the creation of new transcultural forms within the contact zone produced by colonization."
This study intended to detect signs of hybridity in immigration literature and translated literature. The findings of this study will hopefully contribute to the body of the knowledge in
Translationstudies.
To the best of researchers knowledge very few studies have been done about hybridity and hybrid signs in immigration literature and translated literature specially immigration literature in English. Thus, the present research would provide unique and interesting information in this case and paves the way for subsequent research and studies.
Nowadays immigration literature is one of the branches of contemporary literature. Generally, Iranian immigrant writers proceed to these two themes in their works: They write about their previous life in Iran and they write about their present life in the host country. Most works of immigrant writers that are published inside Iran are from the second type.
The results of this study showed that some of the immigrant writers reflect the political themes of IRIs revolution in their works. Also most of the immigrant writers lived in the traditional families so their works are full of religious and traditional elements. They widely talk about the social life of Iranians in their works.
As immigrant writers live in an in-between space, this type of life creates some problems for them which are reflected in their works. They have to live in a society that is very different from the society they lived in for many years. Most of these problems are specific to the first generation of immigrants; the second generation of immigrants (children of the first generation) doesnt share these problems. The problems of the first generation of immigrants in a new society are one of the themes of immigration literature.
Also this study showed that most of the immigrants suffer from homesickness and other psychological problems. The other issue that immigrant writers precede to it in their works is psychological problems of immigrants.
The findings of the study revealed that those writers who write their works in English, by means of which they introduce Iranian traditions, cultures and customs to foreigners. Some of the Iranian cultural elements are not tangible and comprehensible for foreigners; therefore, these writers proceed to dehybridization in their works.
The corpus investigation has revealed that the works of some immigrant writers have multi-cultural atmosphere. The writer shows this type of atmosphere by code-switching between two different
languages.
The works of some immigrant writers are like autobiography. In this type of immigration literature they write about their previous life in Iran and continually they compare it with their present life in the host country.
Another point worth mentioning is that Sympathy with the immigrants of other countries is another theme which is seen in the works of immigrant writers. More or less, immigrants from different nationalities and countries have the same problems, because all of them are considered as foreigners and second rate citizens in the host country.
The first thing that attracts immigrants attention is the prominent contradiction between their own culture and the culture of the country they immigrated to. So they reflect this contradiction in their works. Continually they compare the culture of the Self with the culture of the Other. Representation of Self and representation of Other are the elements that are seen in the works of immigrant writers.
It is important to mention that as immigrant writers think in their own language and write in the language of the Other, they reflect some of their ideological, cultural, political and religious backgrounds in their works. What is classified under the heading of cultural concepts, political concepts and religious concepts are results of their cultural, political and religious backgrounds.
The variety of types of hybridity in translated books originally written by immigrant writers is greater than the variety of types of hybridity in translated books originally written by native speakers of English.
According to the findings of the research, it can be inferred that the symbols of culture including food and clothes that preserve the local color of a text are limited to translated literature originally written by immigrant writers. Name is the only element of culture which is seen in both types of translated literature.
The corpus analysis showed that Phrase is the most frequent Level of hybridity and Name is the most frequent Type of hybridity in immigration literature. Word is the most frequent Level of hybridity and Name is the most frequent Type of hybridity in translated literature.
Although the hypothesis of this research was confirmed, similar studies appear to be worth spending more time and effort. Future studies are suggested to be carried out by the use of larger corpora covering more text types and time spans.
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