Hypertension- What To Know
Once the blood pressure in the arteries is chronically elevated
, there is always hypertension. It is commonly called high blood pressure. The heart works harder to pump once the blood pressure is too high and this can lead either to stroke, heart attack or heart failure.
Below 120/80 is the normal level of blood pressure, where 120 represent the systolic measurement (peak pressure in the arteries) and 80 represents the diastolic measurement (minimum pressure in the arteries). It is prehypertension (to denote increased risk of hypertension) if the blood pressure is between, and a blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered hypertension. 120/80 and 139/89.
Causes
There are several factors associated with high blood pressure. This includes obesity, diabetes, smoking, lack of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, high level of salt intake, Vitamin D deficiency, insufficient calcium, magnesium and potassium consumption, high level of alcohol consumption, aging, stress, genetics and family history of hypertension, medicines like birth control pills, tumor or thyroid and adrenal problems and chronic kidney diseases.
Symptoms
Hypertension is asymptomatic and one can be unaware of this for years. Hence, it is highly recommended to have a periodic screening for blood pressure even if it shows no symptoms at all. However, this may lead to some symptoms like severe headaches, dizziness, confusion or fatigue, nausea, chest pains, problems with vision, irregular heartbeat, breathing problems and blood in the urine.
How diagnosed
Hypertension is diagnosed with sphygmomanometer - the device with the arm cuff, pump, dial, and valve. There is comparison to a chart of values once the systolic and diastolic numbers are recorded. You will be considered to have hypertension if the pressure is greater than 140/90.
The doctors usually ask for the medical history of you and your family before performing a more thorough diagnosis. Usually, doctors have to know if you have any of the risk factors for hypertension, such as diabetes, smoking and high cholesterol.
Tests such as echocardiograms and electrocardiograms (EKG) are used in order to assess the physical structure of the heart and measure electrical activity of the heart. To measure renal function, sugar levels, electrolyte levels, and cholesterol levels, additional blood tests are required.
How treated
To lower blood pressure to less than 140/90 - or even lower in some groups such as people with chronic kidney or diabetes is the primary goal of treating hypertension. To reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, and heart failure, it is necessary that hypertension be treated.
High blood pressure may be treated by changing lifestyle factors, medically, or a combination of the two. Important lifestyle changes include quitting smoking, losing weight, eating a healthful diet, exercising regularly, reducing sodium intake, and limiting alcohol consumption.
by: malyn
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