Influence Of Sanskrit On Kannada Language

INFLUENCE OF SANSKRIT ON KANNADA LANGUAGE:

Sanskrit is often referred to as the mother of all languages; the fact that Kannada is laden with a fair amount of Sanskrit words could lead to a misconception that Kannada too must have been derived from Sanskrit. Linguistic researches have proved it beyond doubt that the origin of Kannada has nothing to do with Sanskrit. Sanskrit is an Indo-Aryan language whereas Kannada is a Dravidian language. The areas of their origin are far away from each other. Yet, Sanskrit has an astounding influence on Kannada.

The prosody, poetics and grammar in Kannada are all based on the models of Sanskrit. The traditional scholarship which was basically inclined towards Vedic hegemony has brought out this situation. Early Kannada literature was independent of Sanskrit literature, later on scholars and patronized poets themselves began to hold Sanskrit and Vedic texts in high esteem.

Kaviraajamaarga (the main pathway for a poet) the first available written text in Kannada (9th century), appraises the works of Sanskrit writers such as Kalidasa, Baana, Bhatta Narayana and Bharavi even before the works of contemporary Kannada writers. It calls upon the contemporary Kannada writers to emulate the standards of Sanskrit writers. Pampa, Ponna and Ranna "" one of the three earliest known Kannada poets (940 AD- 990 AD) are referred to as Ratnatrayaru (the three jewels) of early Kannada literature. These poets are considered as pioneers of early Kannada literature. Even though they produced a unique literature known as Champu form their works are often based on earlier Sanskrit literature. Pampa"s Pampa Bhaaratha or Vikramaarjunavijayam and Aadipurana, Ponna"s Ramakathe, Ranna"s Gadhaayuddha are based on stories of the Ramayana and Mahabharata. We can see that many a great Kannada literature was developed on the foundations of Sanskrit literature.

B M Srikantaiah(1884- 1946); noted scholar, writer and translator who is known as Kannada Kanva for his guardianship of Kannada had opined that Sanskrit literature is the source, inspiration and teacher for Kannada literature. Not only ideologies and thoughts, many words are taken from Vedic or Sanskrit literature, only to be used either in their original form or being Kannadised and used as Kannada"s own words.

Words that have been borrowed from Sanskrit have been assimilated in to vocabulary and written forms in such a way that are assumed to be Kannada"s own words. These words are being used either in the same form as they have arrived (Tatsama) or assimilated with necessary modifications (Tadbhava). Words such as Sthree (Woman), Bhoomi (Earth), Adhikaari (Officer) and Jnana (Knowledge) are some examples of Tatsamas. Examine the table below to know about Tadbhavas in Kannada.

Sanskrit wordsTadbhava

Pustaka.(Book)Hotthige.

Parva. (Festival)Habba.

Kaavya.(Poetry)Kabba.

Sometimes both tatsama and tadbhava of a Sanskrit word are used in Kannada simultaneously. Pustaka and hotthige are both used to indicate a book.

All these years, so much accustomed to Sanskrit words; a common Kannada speaker would never believe or even agree of him using any Sanskrit words, because this is the language that he has learnt from his childhood; this is his own Kannada.

by: jakson1952

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