International Copyright Protection

The protection of copyright intellectual property can be made at national and international level

. Berne convention, universal copyright convention, World Intellectual Property Organization copyright Treaty, Rome convention, Brussels convention is the international protections of copyright.

Berne Convention is an International union for the protection of literary and artistic works was recognized in 1886 in Berne, Switzerland. It came into force on 5th December, 1887 and it has been modified for five times. It is controlled by world intellectual property organization. It has 38 articles and special provisions for the developing countries. The convention has fixed a minimum of protection of life plus 50 years or an alternative of fifty years from publication of unnamed work and false named work. India is also a member of the Berne convention.

The universal copyright convention was signed and entered into force on September 6, 1952. It was modified on 1971 at Paris. The guard given is for disclosed as an undisclosed works. The minimum copyright term is 25 years from publication, or life of the author and additional 25 years. The foreign authors of other member countries must be granted exclusive rights for at least seven years.

The Rome convention is the International Copyright protection for the performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations. On October 26, 1961 the Rome convention was completed and entered into force on may 18, 1964 basically intend to protect the neighboring rights. Phonogram is a sound recording. The neighboring rights are rights in respect of phonograms and performances and broadcasting.

The performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasters are benefited by this convention. The term of protection is for twenty years and will vary according to the nature of work. A state must be a member of either of the Berne convention or the universal copyright convention to be eligible to participate in this convention.

World Intellectual Property Organization copyright Treaty was adopted by the diplomatic conference at Geneva on December 20, 1996 and entered into force on January 1, 1996. It protects the rights of performers and produces of phonograms. The term of protection is limited for fifty years.

Some treaties convention gives protection for the unauthorized duplication. On October 29, 1971, the convention for the producers of phonograms against unauthorized duplication of their phonograms is signed at Geneva. The main purpose of this Geneva Convention is to fight against the practice of piracy by third parties.

Brussels convention is related to the distribution of programme- carrying signals transmitted by satellite and audio- visual works signed on May 21st 1974. Its main necessity was to fight the misappropriation of satellite signal on an international level. On April 20, 1989 the treaty on international registration of audio-visual works was signed. It deals with the registration of audio- visual works at the international level.

by: Ramaswami Natarajan

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