Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions

Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions

Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions

Primary brain tumors occurs at all ages, but maximum incidence is in the fifth decade of life. They present with all the features of intracranial space occupying lesions. The duration of symptoms range from a few to several weeks in many cases, but meningiomas and grade I astrocytomas may be very slow growing and the history may exted over several years.

In children the development of symptoms is more rapid since the tumors tend to be more malignant. Lesions of the posterior cranial fossa give rise to increase in intracranial tension early compared to supratenorial neoplasms. In many cases, the first clinical evidence of neoplasm may be caused by one of the complications. The complications include rise in intracranial tension, secondary cerebrovascular accidents such as hemorrhage or thrombosis, obstructive hydrocephalus, cranial nerve palsies, cerebral venous obstruction, and cerebral edema.

These constitute half of all the neural tumors. Depending on the histological features, they are pathologically divided into grades I and IV. The former is slow-growing and least malignant, whereas the latter is rapidly-growing and most malignant. Grade IV gliomas are known as glioblastoma multiforme and they form 80-90% of all tumors are multicetric and bilateral. The common locations of gliomas are the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord.

These are slow-growing tumors seen more commonly in the cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, pons, and optic chiasma. Cavitation and /or calcification may develop in many cases. Malignant change may supervene later.

These benign tumors arise from the arachnoid cells, particularly seen in sites having arachnoid granulations. The sites of predilection are para-sagittal regions, olfactory groove, tuberculum sellae, sylvian fissure, spenoidal wing, occipital region and the spinal cord.

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