Japanese That Gets You in on the Action!
Japanese That Gets You in on the Action!
Japanese That Gets You in on the Action!
And, there are certain ways to refer to people who are carrying out an action. That's what you'll learn in this Lower Intermediate Japanese article.
Learn the difference between the particlesni andkara and when to use them to refer to the one performing the action in Japanese sentences. Because we useniso often, this article shows you how to talk about people's actions in Japanese without being repetitive. Read this Japanese Lower Intermediate article to see your Japanese really improve!
Vocabulary: In this article, you'll learn the following words and phrases:
tsutsumi - "package,wrappings"
keshikaran - "How disgraceful!"
choo - "super-, ultra-, hyper-"
kookyuu - "very expensive, high grade"
mushi suru - "to ignore"
tsume awase - "assortment"
ii kimi - "That will teach you." / "Someone got what he/she deserved."
Grammar: In this article, you'll learn the following words and phrases:
In passive sentences, we usually mark the person doing an action with the particleni. But, today's article focuses on cases in which we usekara to indicate a person doing an action. Please see the example below.
Today's Example:
Gomi-san kara o-seibo ga okurarete kimashita yo.
"A year-end gift was sent by Gomi-san."
In this case, we use verbs such asokuru ("to send / to present"),watasu ("to hand"), orataeru ("to give") in sentence structures such as "[doer A]ga [receiver B]ni [something]o + [verb]." If we rephrase this kind of structure to become a passive sentence usingni to mark a doer,we would use ni twice because we also mark a receiver withni. In this case, we use kara to mark a doer in place ofni.
Active sentence: Tanaka-kun wa boku ni meeru o okutta. "Tanaka sent me an email."
Passive sentence: Meeru ga, Tanaka-kun kara boku ni okurareta. "An email was sent to me by Tanaka."
Formation:
Active: [doer A]ga [receiver B]ni [something]o + [verb]
Passive: [something]ga [doer A]kara [receiver B]ni + [verb. passive]
Note: This is the case for verbs such as:
okuru "to send / to present"
watasu "to hand"
ataeru "to give"
Examples:
Sensei ga Kitajima-san ni tegami o watashita. "Teacher handed a letter to Kitajima."
Tegami ga sensei kara Kitajima-san ni watasareta. "A letter was handed to Kitajima by teacher."
Kurisumasu kaado ga tomodachi kara (watashi ni) okurarete kita. "A Christmas card was sent to me by my friend."
Shachoo kara toppu seerusuman ni medaru ga ataerareta. "A medal was given to the best salesmen by the president."
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