Kant: God is a Moral Necessity
Kant: God is a Moral Necessity
Kant: God is a Moral Necessity
Kant: God is a Moral Necessity
The choice of Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Kant considers, when observing phenomena, that, in the economic behavior of light or in the regeneration of the embryos everything happens as if nature pursues intentionally finalities.' According to Kant the preceding as if qualifies the usage regulator of ideas of the reason. The idea of finality has no objective reality.
It is a methodological rule. Kant, admitting the impossibility to demonstrate the existence of God by reason, he refutes proofs such as the cosmological proof, the ontological proof and the design proof.
God is imposed by Morality
He proclaims the recourse to the morale as fundament imposed by the necessity for the existence of God : It is a priori morally necessary to produce the Good Sovereign by freedom of the will, it ought to be then condition for the possibility of the Good Sovereign founded, itself also, exclusively on the a priori fundaments of knowledge.' (1)
God is a Postulate of Pure Reason.
The existence of God, according to Kant is a postulate of pure reason:
Moral law has led to the practical task that is prescribed, without any recourse to perceptible eventualities, merely by pure reason, to know the one of the necessary perfection of the first and the principle part of the Good Sovereign, that of morality.
Morality and Happiness
It should be that this same law also lead to a second element of the Good Sovereign, to know the happiness proportioned to this morality, and this is so in a manner as disinterested as previously coming from impartial simple reason, which means: leading to the supposition of the existence of a cause adequate to this effect, that is to say to postulate of the existence of God, is necessary linked to the moral legislation of pure reason.' (2)
Kant, like Aristotle and Leibniz, attempts to find a solid argument for the existence of a God cause, based entirely on an assumption of necessity', but on a moral level.
Lack of Definitions
In his propositions Kant does not define neither reason' or pure reason' nor practical reason' in terms of origin or finality nor in terms of utility.
He does not give explicative answers to the questions of necessity' or morality', which he claims are dictated by pure reason' in order to impose the postulate of the existence of God.
Subjective Interpretation
His concept of what is morale is left open to individual interpretations, itself subject to natural law, without explaining the nature of morality, its origin and its necessity. No concrete evidence, or a logical sequence of the moral presumption, is produced in support of the argument.
The metaphysical philosophy of Kant is a mechanistic assumption that imposes the idea of the existence of a Good Sovereign, by a presumed moral necessity, where no attempts of explanations are advanced to identify what is- and why is- Sovereign and why the Sovereign is identified as good, without doubting the presumption itself.
Kant does not accept reason as means of advancing
arguments for the existence of God, but he resorts to an unidentifiable object which he calls moral legislation' dictated by pure reason'.
A Personal Choice
This, in our perspective, reflects the personal choice of Kant himself attempting to justify it by reference to a moral necessity that he assumes. No easier rebut to Kant's assumption can be produced than to simply demand for evidential link between what is presumed to be morality' and a Good sovereign.
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1. Emmanuel Kant, Critique of Pure reason, 1re Partie, Liv.II,
P, 234.
2. Lequen considers that, the moral leads to a religion of
aspiration in God (the original Good Sovereign), in the
possible realization in the perceptible world of a universal
moral happiness (a derivative from the Good Sovereign) and
in a future life (immortality of the soul) The Moral Philosophy
of Kant, Editions du Seuil, Paris, 2001. p. 439.
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