Meme and its types
Meme and its types
Meme and its types
MEME and Types of MEME
Universal Darwinism refers to any of several concepts, which apply the ideas, and theories of Darwinism beyond their original sphere of organic evolution on Earth. Richard Dawkins may have first coined the term in 1983 to describe his conjecture that any possible life forms existing outside the solar system would evolve by natural selection just as they do on Earth.
The philosopher of science Daniel Dennett, in his 1995 book Darwin's Dangerous Idea, developed the idea of a Darwinian process, involving variation, selection and retention, as a generic algorithm that is substrate neutral and that could be applied to many fields of knowledge.
A field of study called mimetic arose in the 1990s to explore the concepts and transmission of memes in terms of an evolutionary model.
A meme is a postulated unit of idea that is passed on from one human generation to another. It is the cultural equivalent of a gene, the basic element of biological inheritance. The term was coined in 1976 by Richard Dawkins in his book The Selfish Gene that includes discussion of evolutionary principles explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena. Richard Dawkins speculated that human beings have an adaptive mechanism that other species do not have.
The employment of the Darwinian process as an explanatory mechanism for fields outside of biology (Social Darwinism) was perhaps first made by Donald Campbell during the 1960s in order to explain the development of science and other forms of knowledge, founding the subject of evolutionary epistemology.
Susan Blackmore, in her 1999 book the meme machine, devotes a chapter titled Universal Darwinism to a discussion of the applicability of the Darwinian process to a wide range of scientific subject matter.
The most prominent variety of Universal Darwinism argues for close counterparts between the variables and mechanisms of cultural evolution and biological evolution, for example proposing the concept of memes as units of culture. Other Universal Darwinists propose, more flexibly, that human culture and biological species both change over time through a process that involves variation, and selection. The differences in the details of cultural evolution and biological evolution are considerable. Memes evolve by natural selection in a manner analogous to that of biological evolution through the processes of variation, mutation, competition, and inheritance influencing an individual meme's reproductive success. Memes spread through the behaviors that they generate in their hosts. Memes that propagate less prolifically may become extinct, while others may survive, spread, and mutate. Richard Dawkins listed the following three characteristics for any successful replicator. They are
Copying-Fidelity
Fecundity
Longevity
Unlike genetic evolution, mimetic evolution can exhibit both Darwinian and Lamarckian traits. Cultural memes will have the characteristic of Lamarckian inheritance when a host aspires to replicate the given meme through inference rather than by exactly copying it.
Gene and Meme
Richard Dawkins stated that in addition to genetic inheritance with its possibilities and limitations, humans, can pass their ideas from one generation to the next, allowing them to surmount challenges more flexibly and more quickly than through the longer process of genetic adaptation and selection. Life evolves by the differential survival of replicating entities. The gene, the DNA molecule, happens to be the replicating entity that prevails on our planet. Examples of memes are tunes, ideas, catch phrases, clothes fashions, and ways of making pots or of building arches. They are cultural analogies for genes. Just as genes propagate themselves in the gene pool by leaping from body to body via sperms or eggs, so memes propagate them in the meme pool by leaping from brain to brain via a process, which, in the broad sense, can be called imitation. Genepool defines the collective genetic information contained within a population or species of sexually reproducing organisms. If the idea catches on, it can be said to propagate itself, spreading from brain to brain by self-replication while responding to selective pressures.
Examples of memes might include the idea of God; the importance of the individual as opposed to group importance; the belief that the environment can be controlled; or that technologies can create an electronically interconnected world community.
Today, the word memes is used to describe cultural ideas, symbols or practices, deemed to be transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures, rituals or other imitable phenomena. Richard Dawkins himself described such short-lived ideas as memes that would have a short life in the meme pool. Meme is an abbreviated form of the Greek word mimeme, which means something imitated. Life forms can transmit information both vertically and horizontally. Imitation counts as an important characteristic in the propagation of memes.
Social contagions such as fads, hysteria, copycat crime, and copycat suicide exemplify memes seen as the contagious imitation of ideas.
Another fundamental difference between memes and genes is that for memes there is no equivalent for the traditional distinction between genotype which denotes the information carried by the genes and passed on to the next generation and phenotype which defines the specific appearance of an organism as determined by genes and environmental influences. In biological evolution, the genotype is the site of evolutionary variation. Variations in the phenotype are not passed on during reproduction. In memetics, we can distinguish levels:
i. The memotype denotes the information as held in an individual's memory;
ii. The mediotype denotes that information as expressed in an external medium, such As a text, an artifact, a song, or a behavior.
iii. The sociotype denotes the group or community of individuals who hold that Information in their memory (Blackmore, 2000).
Variation and selection take place on all levels. A meme type can be eliminated while residing in an individual's brain. A mediotype can similarly mutate or be lost, and a sociotype can change when new individuals are added to the group, who may introduce different memes, or be eliminated. In conclusion, the processes of variation and selection, while analogous at the deepest level are much more complex for memes than for genes.
The Internet has changed the world we live in. Never before has it been so easy to access information, communicate with people all over the globe and share articles, videos, photos and all manner of media.
The Internet has led to an increasingly connected environment, and the growth of Internet usage has resulted in declining distribution of traditional media: television, radio, newspapers, and magazines. Major concepts of the theory include a small-world network, degrees of separation, strong and weak ties, and a tipping point. A psychologist, Stanley Milgram, initiated the lost letter technique, which later became a concept of the six degrees of separation. . From this finding, Duncan Watts and Steve Strogatz, two mathematicians from Cornell University, discovered a theory of the small-world networks. This theory was soon applied to different areas ranging from biology, ecology, economics, politic, computer science, etc.
Under certain conditions, some agents such as viruses, ideas, signals, fashion, behaviors, etc can spread like wildfire after they have reached what is called a tipping point. When the viral agents are concepts and ideas they are called memes by analogy with the genes that are transmitted by filiation or contamination in the living world (Richard Dawkins). This science of memes, also known as memetics, is a mix of graphic theories and sciences of complexity. Memeticists have proposed that just as memes function analogously to genes, memetics functions analogously to genetics.
Religious memes
Religious memes can proliferate more quickly because people perceive that they can reap societal as well as personal rewards. The longevity of religious memes improves with their documentation in revered religious texts. Clusters of memes or memeplexes also known as meme complexes or as meme complexes, such as cultural or political doctrines and systems, may also play a part in the acceptance of new memes. Memeplexes comprise groups of memes that replicate together and co adapt.
Internet Meme
The term Internet meme refers to a catchphrase or concept that spreads rapidly from person to person via the Internet, largely through Internet-based email, blogs, forums, Image boards, social networking sites and instant messaging. The Internet is considered as a redundancy network. A major benefit of a redundancy network is its flexibility. That is, if a route to transmit data is destroyed, the network computers still can reroute the messages to the destination. The Internet is also proved a small-world network because tracing a connection between computers is not more than ten links.
A Webpage can reflect a random network with a different number of hyperlinks on each page. A few Web pages operate as a hub or contain many links connected to numerous Websites, while most Web pages contain approximately three to four links per page. This pattern refers to a power law, which means that each time the number of links doubles, the number of Web pages with that many links becomes less by about five times. A logarithm is used to measure a diameter of a Web page or a distance between documents. An experiment verifies that even though new Web sites are continually established, the number of clicks from one document to another is raised only from about 19 to 21.
The Internet has a complicated structure. Even if the Internet growth is truly random, its unorganized evolution establishes that the Internet shares a similar globally organized pattern.
One might naively propose that fit memes should be attractive to their receivers. While this is true in a general sense, it helps us very little in operationalzing meme fitness. The overall survival rate of a meme m can be expressed as the meme fitness F(m), which measures the expected number N(m) of memes at the next time step or generation t+1 divided by the average number of memes at the present time t.
Innovation Memes
Innovation is the key factor for companies' success and sustained fitness in a rapidly evolving, knowledge-network economy. Companies that are able to embed and leverage an innovation culture in their organizations and stakeholders are likely to achieve superior performance. The innovation meme is a unit of cultural transmission or imitation that carries information responsible for innovations. It is proposed as a key construct in identifying and leveraging the replicators of an organizational innovation culture. The organizational fitness profiling process (OFP) is an appropriate tool for identifying the status of a company's innovation culture, and that a process of innovation meme management, which focuses on various types of innovation replicators, should include innovation meme tracking, shaping, and creation. They represent the knowledge, views, perceptions, and beliefs communicated from person to person. In the business context, memes can be used to manage market perceptions as well as managing the views of a firm. If a organizations focuses too persistently on replicating a specific product meme, and by its singularly unyielding focus fails to innovate, a competitor may obliterate it with a disruptive leap in product development. The former firm has failed because of its lack of flexibility and its inability to adapt to a product or market's ongoing evolutionary process.
Parasitic Memes
In some instances Memes evolves and propagates well, apparently satisfying the criteria that people intuitively use, but without delivering any benefit to their carriers. We may call such memes selfish (Heylighen, 1992) or parasitic (cf. Cullen, 1999), as they free ride on the effort invested by individuals to gather and communicate useful information. Such information parasites succeed by faking the criteria that we use to recognize high-quality information. This is similar to the way many biological organisms mimic other phenomena, such as viruses that mimic the cell's own DNA, so that they are reproduced free by the cellular machinery. Memes have therefore been described as mind viruses (Dawkins, 1993; Brodie, 1996), since they similarly exploit our cognitive machinery to get themselves replicated. There are plenty of examples of such parasitic memes. Perhaps the most studied from a mimetic point of view are chain letters, whose only purpose is to have themselves replicated and sent to as many people as possible Goodenough & Dawkins, 2002; Bennet, Li & Ma, 2003). A more modern variant are virus hoaxes (Chielens, 2003; Chielens & Heylighen, 2005), i.e. email messages that warn the receivers for a nonexistent type of computer virus, and urge them to pass on this warning to as many people as possible. Probably the most dangerous information parasites are certain religious cults (Cullen, 1999), which indoctrinate their followers to make as many converts as possible, while isolating them from alternative sources of information, so that they tend to develop a view of reality that is so distorted that it may end fatally, as in the mass suicides of the Heaven's Gate cult. Pseudoscience too can be dangerous, parading, as solid scientific theories, but asserting statements that at best are not supported by the facts, like in astrology, at worst fatally wrong, like in certain quack cures for cancer. Somewhat more benign are urban legends and various rumors and fads, which tend to spread in waves, being passed on from person to person but without any authoritative source or real evidence. Bangerter & Heath (2004) have tracked the evolution of one such legend, the Mozart effect (i.e. the unfounded belief that babies listening to classical music become more intelligent), starting from its source: a scientific experiment that merely found that after listening to music adults temporarily scored better on certain testsperhaps simply because they were more relaxed.
Your gateway to fun and excitement: Barbagallo raceway Suning Will Be More Than 20 Million Private Placement And Fund-raising Into Four Projects - Su Ning, Differences Between Lean And Six Sigma Observe How Effortless CubeCart Export And Import Procedure Might Be With Store Manager For CubeCart Puritans and the Salem Witch Trials The Difference Between Bail Bonds and Bail What Is The Difference Between The Nyse And The Chx? You As A Boxer Always First Consider Those Things That Help Protect Your Hands From Cold And Other T Top ten letting problems and the way to solve them Hopes and Concerns of Ralph Gonsalves Anti Wrinkle Lotions – Which Ones Work And Which Ones Don't? Fusion Oil And Gas Solution 3 Differences And Similarities Between A Normal Tv And A Waterproof Tv