Multi-marker approach used in chronic kidney disease research

Multi-marker approach used in chronic kidney disease research

Researchers in the United States have revealed promising results after carrying out an investigation into the early detection of chronic kidney disease. A paper published this month in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology details how a panel of biomarkers might be able to play a role in helping doctors to identify patients who have an increased risk of renal disease chronic kidney disease or microalbuminuria.

A selection of seven circulating biomarkers were used in the research including C-reactive protein, homocysteine, aldosterone, plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1, fibrinogen, renin, B-type natriuretic peptide. It was led by Dr Caroline Fox of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.

Tests were done on blood samples given by 2,345 individuals who attended the sixth Framlington Offspring Study examination between 1995 and 1998. The researchers were again in touch with these individuals after an average of nine and a half years and by this time 213 had developed chronic kidney disease while 186 had developed microalbuminuria. According to Dr Fox, the results of the follow-up showed that newer biomarkers may help to identify people who are at greater risk of developing microalbuminuria or chronic kidney disease up to 10 years before the clinical onset.

According to the research report, the biomarkers homocysteine and aldosterone were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease incidence, while log-transformed aldosterone, B-type natriuretic peptide and homocysteine were significantly associated with incident microalbuminuria. The tests revealed that there was an improvement in risk prediction when the biomarkers were used, shown by improvements in the c-statistics for chronic kidney disease and microalbuminuria and an increase in net risk re-classification of seven per cent.

Work is currently going on all over the world to increase knowledge of biomarkers and their ability to help identify the potential onset of diseases such as chronic kidney disease at an early stage. The research that has been ongoing in America represents just one project where biomarkers are taking a lead role, but similar research efforts are now happening all over the globe as organisations come to realise the importance of biomarkers, their untapped potential and the profound impact that they could have on the world of medical research.

The importance of conducting further biomarker research cannot be underestimated as this is the only way of building a larger biomarkers database and increasing knowledge and improving research techniques across the globe.

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