Parameters of Youth Selection in Olympic Style Weightlifting
Parameters of Youth Selection in Olympic Style Weightlifting
Importance of Right Stuff
Olympic style weightlifting is one of the oldest Olympic sport. It was included in the 1st Olympic Games list when modern Olympics were started at Athens in 1896. In modern weightlifting are 8 men categories and 7 women categories. Where ever games are being organized they are deciding champions by total weight lifted, mean one medal is there and in all the continental and worlds championships are awarding 3 medals in each Snatch, Clean & Jerk and total.
It mean that in Games there are 15 medals to win for each country's team by participating in men and women events and 45 medals would be win by participation in championships. Olympic style weightlifting is popular sport all over the world and few decades before this sport was dominated by the Russians and Eastern countries but presently we can see that this domination is ended and medal winners are from all over the world.
Olympic style weightlifting is based on strength, speed, coordination and other prominent technicalities. To achieve the high level in this sport is heavily connected with the proper selection of stuff. We will discuss in detail about selection process of juniors in Olympic weightlifting.
A qualitative selection is the main factor and guarantee for the discovery of naturally talented sportsmen, able to reach high sports achievements and worthy to defend their countries interests during the greatest sports events like Olympics and other Games. The basic assignment for the coaches with regard to the organization and selection of trainees is to coordinate the training with contemporary athletic requirements. The main role belongs to the pedagogy coach. A good selection of the possibly best children and youths from the schools, the ability to make the trainees warm up to sports by means of the most modern pedagogical methods, their captivation for a long period in this activity and leading them up to the apex of the sports skill this is the assignment of the modern coaches in their countries.
Indisputably all the qualities can be bred, but it is important to know that by selection it is necessary to discover everyone's talents, which, on their part have to be, used an orientation towards the prognostication of the prospective development of the athlete.
The Team for Selection of Youth in Olympic Style Weightlifting
For the selection of young weightlifters we need a team of weightlifting experts headed by the senior expert. We have to nominate 4 experienced coaches under the command of a head coach. These coaches will set all the assignments as per direction of head coach and submit their final selection results with the performance of young weightlifters during the test conducted.
Talent Hunting Methods
The selection of future champions can be done in three basic methods:
i) General Selection Method
ii) Specific Selection Method
iii) Modern Selection Method
General Selection Method
Is performed in two stages at the beginning of the school year, for the school boys age 12 13 yeas old and youths 14 15 years old.
How it can be done?
This selection is performed according to the following visual indices:
a) Growth of the bone - muscle system in the children and youths.
b) Height and body weight.
c) Proportion between trunk and extremities, the %age of lower body 40 45 and upper body 60 -55.
d) Physical activity, swiftness and coordination of movements shown in the gymnastic exercises.
In spite of these indices, a discussion with their teacher must carry out, concerning the intellectual development of the children and their ability quickly to acquire educational material in the school. In this way a selection of a group in a certain age range is done of not more than 20 25 persons. After that a special selection in weightlifting halls is performed by specialist in testing.
Specific Selection Method
This selection method needs a 3 to 4 specialist coaches committee with the major or senior coach as head for the selection. During that selection the development of different physical qualities in children and youth are find out.
How it can be done?
Here the children are distributed to three basic groups of weight up to 35kg, up to 45kg, and over 45kg, since each group has the relevant assessment and norms for realization. The committee of the specialist coaches has to consider the following qualities very keenly:
i) Speed
ii) Flexibility
iii) Sprinting ability
iv) Power
v) Tenacity
The consistent way of setting the qualities in order is important. They are classified according to importance and necessity. What is to be finding in these boys and how are they performed?
Speed
It is right to perform these tests by means of automatic equipment 30 and 60 meter low start in segments of 10 m each, consistently connected. The following tests can help to find the speed quality:
1) The child's reaction in both 30 and 60 m starts
2) The time duration of the both distances
3) The total time of 30 and 60m sprints.
From 30m sprint we can asses the speed only and from 60m sprint we can asses the speed and speed tenacity of the boys. On such a way the specialist will turn his attention to the natural coordination by the running of the distance and the time between the segments of 30 and 60m.
Flexibility
Flexibility is the most important factor in the sport of Olympic weightlifting. A weightlifter with flexible joints can perform better and longer in this sport. It is very important for the future weightlifters. The following information can be useful to judge the flexibility:
1) Flexibility of trunk / mobility of spine and hip joints. The mobility is measured by the depth of slope by means of special instrument where the legs and the arms are stretched.
2) Flexibility of the upper extremities elbow shoulder joints. Practically it goes like this: a wooden stick is taken, gripped widely and a multiple knuckling down is done, little the grip is reduced until both hands are gathered over the head on stretched arms. In this position the candidates has to pass easily his arms behind his head and perform again and again for six to eight times the whole exercise. The assessment of this exercise is subjective from the point of view of the coach regarding the elbow and shoulder joints' mobility. In case the candidate performs easily the movement as above described, it means that his flexibility in the mentioned joints is positive.
Another method for testing the elbow joints is: candidate is lying on a bench and pressing the lever isometrically upwards over his head. In this way the embracing of both articulations in the joints is as well seen. The elbow joints mobility is also read in degrees, the angle locked between the arm pit and the muscle in front of the arms.
3) Mobility of ankle joints, knees and hip joints. The average method for testing of pliancy of the said is used. A lever of 10 12 kg is taken and a multiple, about 10 times knuckling down is performed, so the mobility of three kinds of articulations is well seen. Also the back squat is performed and the angles are read in degrees between the front part of the tibia and the upper part of the foot, as well as the angles between the thighs and the tibia and between the trunk and the thigh, where 1/ 60 - 80 Degrees , 2/up to 45 Degrees and 3/ 60 80 Degrees.
4) Wrist mobility test is four directions according to the drawn up scheme of their movement to the left, to the right, up and down. We are especially interested in the wrist's mobility in direction up words. In a normal and correct mobility the wrist has to touch the shoulders. It is absolutely wrong to select any athlete with week mobility of the wrist in all this of these basic directions and first of all upwards and backwards. Here also the mobility is read in degrees of the angles between the radial bone and the palm by the movement of the latter in the directions up to 80 90 degrees.
Sprinting Ability
It is natural and bred. It represents one of the most important qualities for every candidate, assessed after performing three basic jumps:
1) Sargent's Jump. It is performed in three different ways:
a) A tailor's measure is attached to a belt which is buckled on the waist, passing trough 40cm X 40cm. 3 jumps are performed after preliminary measuring of the height in cm from the belt up to the board and then the difference is the result of jump. The control norm is up t0 35kg 40cm, 45kg 45cm and over 45kg 48cm.
b) By means of an instrument for measuring the high jump volleyballer.
c) By means of the electrodynamograph, this is measuring absolutely precisely the jump, registering it on a special centimeter drawn paper.
2) Standing broad jump with both legs. The distance fro the toes before the jump to heal marks after the jump is measured in centimeters. Control norms are 35kg - 190cm, 45kg 205cm and over 45kg 205cm.
3) Triple Jump from standing start, the performance is: from the start, a jump by both legs, to one of them, then to the other, and at last to both again. The exercise id a little bit unnatural and sometimes difficult to make. It shows it shows however natural coordination and quick adaptation to movement. By the selection and performance of the norms exercises jumps, for instance, the specialist has to turn his attention to the natural, inborn coordination, but not to the coordinator trained for this purpose.
Power
For this moment approximately 75 80% of the importance is laid upon this criterion, because it is much easier to develop after power exercises and complexes. The natural force of the child is to be evaluated. Here three kinds of exercises are applied:
1) Push ups here the strength of the unfolding hand arm muscles is measured after reading the number of folding / unfolding of the arms in this position the body is stretched, the movements are done only by arms. The control norm are like this, 35kg 38 front support position, 45kg 43 and over 45kg 40 fold and unfolds.
2) Chins to be performed with stretched legs, strait arms and the chin to come over the lever. Control norms are like this, 35kg 14, 45kg 14 and over 45kg 12 movements.
3) Dips on parallel bars are at a distance that shoulders width. The legs are stretched, that the raising and descending succeed by the trunk and the arms / the pelvis remains highly raised. The control norms are like this, 35kg 18 reps, 45kg 18 reps, and over 45kg 16 reps.
Tenacity
To check that quality, it is necessary to make the candidate run a 300M distance. The main aim is to follow the will effort, the movements, coordination, and the psychological resistance in the rivalry. This is the criterion for the morality, volitional resistance and coordination. In order to avoid delusions by the selection is necessary that coach turn his attention to everyone of the candidate in every single normative exercise on the bases of the fatigue. So that quality, called volitional resistance, can be evaluated. For example by executing the push ups, the dips on the parallel bars, the chins, the 300M run. It can be seen that candidate is stopping after the normative number of movement or continuing to make the efforts. This is especially well seen by 300M running, where even tired; the child is pressing his teeth and hands and increasing his speed with tendency to finish in one of the first places. Here is where even a subjective evaluation of the will has to b done. In no case can the selection be performed without checking the natural coordination. This occurs best in the game process sports, mobility games, jumps, running, etc.
Psychological Investigations
The psychological qualities can be assessed sampling measuring the reaction, memory, concentration, exactness, quickness of reaction, intelligence and quick understanding. According to standard elaborated scheme a complex evaluation is made as per each of the said indices and a generalized end assessment of the psychological status of the candidate is done.
Biomechanical Data of the Children in the Selection
The entire specialist attached in the selection process has to pay attention to the bio mechanical peculiarities in children. All of the indices in connection with the achievements in the sports have to taken in mind. From the investigations and praxis of many years the following was found out:
a) The proportion between the arms and the trunk must not exceed 43% of the total height. For example if candidates height is 150cm then arm length should not be more than 65cm.
b) The palm length measured from the beginning of the palm to end of third finger to be at least 16cm 16.5cm.
c) The finger length to be at least 7.5cm 8cm for the second group. The fingers are of big importance for the key grip of the weightlifter. The bigger the fingers and the palm are, the stronger the grip is, which is extremely for the high level achievement in Olympic style weightlifting.
d) The proportion between the thigh and the tibia to be not more than 3-4cm in favor of tibia. At this stage it would be good if both parts of the leg are equal in length.
e) The proportion of the legs to the stature / height / not exceed 50%. If lower proportion length will go 60% of the whole length then there will be technical fault in clean. Elbows will have chance to touch the knees. That's why the best proportion of the body is 60 and 40 %. 55 and 45 also is good and minimum 50 and 50 percent ratio of the body is more beneficial to athlete.
Medical Examination
After the completion of the entire test by the expert coaches, now you have a stuff of future champions in Olympic Style Weightlifting and at the end of this process a medical test should be conducted to ensure that all the youth is fully fit and does not have any kind of health problem. If there is some minor health problems than with the consultation of Doctor it can be treated with in the passage of time. Don't not waist talent if they have curable health problem.
Modern Selection
It is performed in two directions, in and out of the group.
1) Out of the group, according to the norms requirements, uninterruptedly and at any time, children and youths can be accepted who respond to those requirements and according to the specialists, opinion will be future weightlifters.
2) In the group the coach has the assignment to check who of the chosen children and youths acquire better the training material and show psychological resistance. These remain and others are transferred to another type of preparative training.
3) The selection is not single stage one. It continues for a period of 2-3 years until the full "shifting out" of the future weightlifters in obtained, and until the coach is sure that he has reached a successful minimum of 90%.
The above methods of future champion's selection can help to hunt the talent. We can get a good and high quality stuff for the preparation of future competitions. They will perform at high level and will bring the honor to their countries in shape of medals.
By:-Khizer Hayat RajaSr. Lecturer in Physical Education & SportsInternational Weightlifting Coach & ExpertE mail: wlexpert@yahoo.comParameters of Youth Selection in Olympic Style WeightliftingBy: Khizar Hayat
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