Pheromones, The Reason Why Opposite Sex So Attractive
Pheromones are a type of chemical substance that serves to stimulate and have sex appeal to both male and female animals.
This substance is derived from endocrine glands and is used by living things to recognize same-sex, other individuals, groups, and to assist the process of reproduction. In contrast to hormones, pheromones spread to outside the body and can only influence and be recognized by other similar individuals.
Pheromone, derived from the Greek 'phero' meaning 'carrier' and 'Mone' 'sensation'.
Discovery Pheromones
The first pheromone found in Germany, by Adolph Butenandt, scientists are also found in the human sex hormone that is estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. When first discovered in insects, pheromones are many insects associated with reproductive function. Scientists initially seen as a counterpart pheromone 'perfume' in the human world.
The inventor of the first pheromone substances in animals (insects) is Jean-Henri Fabre when in the spring of 1870 one of his observations on the moths 'Great Peacock' female came out of its cocoon and placed in a wire cage on his study table for some time to find that on the night day, dozens of male moths gather merubung wire cage in his study table. "They come from all directions, without me knowing how they found the female on my desk ..." writes Fabre.
Fabre spent the following years studying how male moths 'find' female-female. Fabre came to the conclusion that female moths produce 'chemical' smell attract certain male moths.
With the conclusion of this Fabre, start the whole new research field of pheromones.
Pheromones On Butterflies
When a butterfly flapping its wings male or female, that's when pheromones spread in the air and invites the opposite sex to be sexually approached. Sex pheromone-specific properties for biological activity in which males or females of other species will not respond to pheromones released from females or males of different species
Pheromones in Termites
To be able to detect the path explored, individual termites that are in front of marker release pheromone trail (pheromone trail Following) that came out of the gland the sternum (sternal gland at the bottom, back of the abdomen), which can be detected by the termites who was behind it. Pheromone chemical properties are closely related with the smell of food so that termites can detect objects of food.
Basic Termite Pheromones: Development Manager
In addition to the pheromone trail markers, experts ethology (behavior) termite colony also assume that the settings are under the control of pheromone basic (primary pheromones). For example, impaired growth / formation neoten caused by a kind of basic pheromone released by the queen, who serves inhibit sexual differentiation.
Soon after the queen dies, is lost, forming a pheromone-neoten neoten replacement queen. But then again neoten who have formed the same issue so pheromones more neoten formation can be inhibited.
Basic Pheromones also play a role in the establishment of caste differentiation and caste soldiers worker, issued by the reproductive caste.
Viewed from biology, termite colony itself by some experts regarded as supra-organisms, the colony itself considered a living being, whereas individuals in a termite colony is only the parts of limbs that supra-organisms.
Comparison of the number of neoten, soldiers and workers Dalan one colony is usually not permanent. Colonies that are growing very fertile having a lot of workers with the number of soldiers are not many (approximately 2-4 per cent). Colonies that experienced many problems, for example because there are a lot of ants around it will form more soldiers (70-10 percent), because it is necessary to defend the nest.
Pheromones in Moths
Communication via pheromones is widespread in the insect family. Pheromones act as a sexual gimmickry between females and males. Types of pheromones that are used frequently analyzed moths as the substance of mating. Female gypsy moth can affect male moth a few kilometers away by producing a pheromone called "disparlure". Because the male moths can perceive a few hundred molecules of females that emit signals in only one milliliter of air, disparlure is effective when deployed in a very large area.
Pheromones Ants and Bees In Honey
Pheromones play an important role in insect communication. Ants use pheromones as tracers to show the way to food sources.
When a honey bee sting, he did not just leave the needle in the skin of its victim, but also leaves a chemical called other honey bees to attack.
Similarly, workers from various species of ants secrete pheromones as alarm substance, which is used when exposed to the enemy; pheromones spread in the air and collect other workers. When these ants have met the enemy, they also produce pheromones that signal either increases or decreases depending on the nature of the danger.
Roaches and the CIA
Female roaches attract the opposite sex by releasing periplanon-B. It is said that the CIA has used these compounds to catch a spy. Trick suspects subjected to periplanon-B and arrested if action with a male cockroaches detector. Roaches are very precise with a male will find a person who in his shirt bears periplanon-B, although the spy may not smell these compounds.
Hamster, The Elephant and the Moth
From research on other animals, work the same way were also found. Female hamster, for example. According to research, these animals using dimethyl disulfide to attract male hamsters approached. But that was surprising is the elephant and the moths have the same sex pheromone, ie, Z-7-dodesen-1-yl-asetat.Namun although similar, elephants and moths will be attracted because the Z-7-dodesen-1-yl-acetate moths produced too little for di'rasa'kan elephant, and vice versa.
Pheromones In Humans
Pheromones in humans are chemical signals that are in the air that can not be detected by smell but can only be felt by the VMO in the nasal / olfactory senses. This signal is generated by specialized tissue that is concentrated in the arm. Pheromone signal is received by the VMO and accessible parts of the brain called the hypothalamus. This is where the hormonal changes that result in behavioral and physiological responses.
Pheromones On Menstrual Cycle
In 1998 McClintock with his colleague Kathleen Stern re-publishing the research findings in the journal Nature. This time they said there are two types of pheromone that specifically affect the menstrual cycle in common.
The menstrual cycle consists of three phases, namely menses, pre-ovulatory and luteal alias post-ovulation. One of the pheromone produced by women in pre-ovulatory phase of the cycle and accelerate ovulation in the next phase.
Other pheromones emitted at the time of ovulation took place. This signal has the effect of slowing the cycle. The end result is a cycle number of women living close together.
Fall In Love: The Nose down-to-heart
The phenomenon of pheromone as a form of communication is a long time began to be applied in everyday human life. Especially since it was found that pheromone also produced by glands in the human body. And, importantly, can affect the hormones in the body (especially brain) other humans. The simplest example is the "body odor."
Regardless of the type of foul body odor to make other people away, every man has a distinctive odor and characterize himself. By experts analogous to that body odor is like fingerprints. So, we each have a unique odor and is very different from other humans. Thus, human pheromones produced, in the future could be one of identity.
Pheromones in humans it also serves as a sexual attraction. The chemist from Huddinge University Hospital in Sweden even claim that pheromones also has a share in producing feelings of love, a crush, love, and even sexual arousal of a man on another man.
This they prove it when doing research on brain reactions 12 pairs of men and women after smelling synthetic compounds like pheromones. Smells immediately react to the hormone estrogen (in women) and the hormone testosterone (male).
Thus, human attraction to another human being, whether it be a relationship of love, sexual passion, as well as in choosing a friend, also based on the odor produced by human pheromones.
Other Chemical Elements Come body Contribute
As written in Indonesian National Geographic magazine, February issue, 2006, Helen Fisher's research and his friends, when someone looked at her lover, will stimulate dopamine ventral tegmental and caudate nucleus in the brain lights up. In appropriate doses, dopamine creates the power, excitement, focused attention, as well as a strong incentive to provide benefits. That's why falling in love can make bad eating, sleeping rough.
Other researchers showed that the chemical disorder of the body is evident when someone falls in love. For example it was found that serotonin levels of people who are obsessed and her lover 40 percent lower levels of serotonin than normal people.
Grandparents can live in harmony until their old age as well as chemical compounds. His name is oxytocin. According to research, loyalty to the couple associated with high levels of oxytocin. Oxytocin levels can be improved by each of the couples who try to love each other, though sometimes annoying partner. That's probably the core of the advice of parents, "love grows as usual".
Science Progress Pheromones
Along with the development of science about the pheromone, it is understandable it turns out insects produce a variety of chemical substances that affect the behavior of other similar insects.
Ants for example, produce pheromones to attract his friends share work transporting food from distant places to nest them. That is why we often see ants walking consecutive-procession.
Several species of flies, moths and beetles also produce certain chemical substances applied to the nest where lay its eggs. These chemical substances will prevent other insects to put eggs in the same place, thus reducing the competition of new insects that will hatch from eggs earlier.
Until now, scientists have identified more than 1600 pheromone used by various insects, including pest insects. Since it has been identified, this pheromone can be made in large quantities in this synthetic sintetis.Feromon be widely used for insect traps.
Pheromones, The Reason Why Opposite Sex So Attractive
By: abdul aziz masyhuri
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