Precuneus and its Subdivisions
Precuneus and its Subdivisions
Precuneus and its Subdivisions
A part of superior parietal lobule which is hidden in the medial longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres is called precuneus. Its exact definition is the precuneus is a structure in the brain positioned above the cuneus and located in the parietal lobe. Some authors say that precuneus is a part of the limbic system.
The Latin form of praecuneus was first used in 1868 and the English precuneus in 1879. It is the medial area of the superior parietal cortex. It is involved in the following things:
Episodic memory
visuospatial processing
Reflections upon self, and aspects of consciousness.
Location of Precuneus
It is difficult to study the location of precuneus. We sometimes can not study its location in the case of injury due to stroke and wounds. So you can say that precuneus is the most difficult mapped part of whole cortical surface.
Subdivisions
It has 3 subdivisions which are as below
Sensorimotor Anterior Region
Cognitive/Associative Central Region
Visual Posterior Region
Now we see these three subdivisions in detail:
Around the margin of the cingulate sulcus, Sensorimotor Anterior occurs. Sensorimotor areas include paracentral lobule, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, somatosensory area, parietal operculum and insula and Sensorimotor Anterior is connected with these parts. On human fMRI Research shows that there is a fine connection between caudalmost part of parahippocampus and superior temporal gyrus. And have no connection with the inferior parietal lobule, prefrontal cortex and not primary motor cortex.
Around the precuneal sulcus, Cognitive is occurred. Cognitive is connected with the inferior parietal lobule and angular gyrus and prefrontal areas. It has no connections with the premotor, motor, or somatosensory areas. It is linked with the areas like executive functions, working memory and motor planning.
Along the parieto-occipital fissure, Visual Posterior is occurred. It has connections with visual areas in the cuneus and primary visual cortex.
Functions of Precuneus
You can say that Precuneus has two main functions in the form of mental imagery and visuospatial imagery. The first one is concerning the self and it is located in the forward part of the precuneus with posterior areas which are involved with episodic memory.
In Self Functional imaging has linked the precuneus to the processes involved in self-consciousness, such as reflective self-awareness.
Precuneus is involved in memory tasks. Means you have seen something like images, persons and try to remember that. In the recall of episodic memories which includes past episodes related to the self, The precuneus is involved with the left prefrontal cortex. It is also involved with the source memory with the left prefrontal cortex. In the left prefrontal cortex, the role of precuneus is suggested to be providing rich episodic contextual associations used by the prefrontal cortex to select the correct past memory. It also plays important role in recollection of memories. Here its role is suggested to be providing rich episodic contextual associations used by the prefrontal cortex to select the correct past memory. So you can say that precuneus is involve in diverse processes like attention, episodic memory retrieval, working memory and conscious perception.
When an individual makes movements and when imaging or preparing them, the precuneus is involved in directing attention in space. Between motor targets, the Precuneus is involved in motor imagery and shifting attention. Motor coordination that requires shifting attention to different spatial locations, Precuneus is also involved in that. Dorsal premotor cortex involved in visuospatial mental operations, Precuneus is also together with that. The precuneus aids monitoring the success of that operation in terms of internally represented visual images, while the premotor area engages in the mental operation. In mental imagery, the role of Precuneus extends to that of modeling other people's views.
The precuneus is "pivotal for conscious information processing, together with the posterior cingulated. The evidence for this link with consciousness comes from the effects of its disruption in epilepsy, brain lesions and vegetative state. It is one of the areas of the brain most deactivated during slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. When they are supraliminal than subliminal, the precuneus, is more activated upon the learning of words briefly flashed, by Together with the prefrontal cortex.
www.precuneus.com
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