Rare Earth Magnets: Properties And Perils

Rare Earth Magnets: Properties And Perils

If you are in the market to buy rare earth magnets, it might be a good idea to take a refresher course on their properties, benefits, and disadvantages over other types of magnets. Ordering magnets online is easy if you know how they will be used and what properties to select. They come in all shapes and sizes with varying functions and special coatings. All you have to do is choose the one best suited to your needs.

Made from alloys of rare earth elements, rare earth magnets are strong, permanent magnets that create their own persistent magnetic fields. There are two types: 1) neodymium and 2) samarium-cobalt magnets. Samarium-cobalt magnets are more costly and have a weaker magnetic field that the neodymium magnets. Their advantage is that they are more resistant to oxidation and the Curie temperature (the temperature at which they lose their magnetism). Made of the alloy combination of neodymium, iron, and boron, neodymium magnets are stronger and more affordable, making them an effective replacement for Alnico and ferrite magnets. Many people have had the opportunity to buy rare earth magnets, since they are used in the production of computer hard drives, audio speakers and headphones, bicycle dynamos, fishing reel brakes, and permanent magnet motors in cordless tools like self-powered flashlights.

Rare earth magnets formed from alloys of rare earth elements (lanthanides) and transitional metals like iron, nickel, and cobalt are more stable because their Curie temperatures are far above room temperature. They have the advantage of high magnetic anisotropy, or direction dependence, which means that they magnetize in one direction but not in the opposite direction, retaining high magnetism as long as they are in a solid state. Their strength is further demonstrated by the resistance of the magnetic field to demagnetization and by the density of their magnetic energy.

The advantages of rare earth magnets are undeniable but their hazards are not well known. The fact is that any piece larger than a few centimeters can cause injuries to body parts caught between the magnet and a piece of metal. Magnets can attract one another with such a force that they chip one another, sending brittle material through the air that could injure eyes and soft tissue. In addition, if two magnets are swallowed, they can pinch a fold of intestine, causing distress and eventually leading to death. These magnets can also erase magnetic media like hard drives and credit cards that have even been known to magnetize CRT monitors at a significant distance.

Finally, before you buy rare earth magnets, remember that its pull force depends on many variables and environmental conditions. Surface conditions and the type of material being pulled against can change that force. The presence, or absence, of lateral and/or rotational forces, as well as plating composition can also lessen the pull strength.

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