Refrigerant vs. desiccant dehumidifiers

Refrigerant vs

Refrigerant vs. desiccant dehumidifiers

The way dehumidifiers work is similar to the way condensation forms on a cold window. A dehumidifier contains a compact refrigeration system which makes it the coldest place in the building. Air is drawn into the cold dehumidifier where any moisture in the air condenses, is collected and removed. There are two main types:

The operation of refrigerant dryers

Refrigerant dryers cool air intake considerably by means of an evaporator section in a closed refrigeration system. As a result of this cooling, the relative humidity of the air over the evaporator rises to 100% and water vapour condenses. This water (or condensation) is either drained into a reservoir or through a hose to a drain, water container or a suitable outside location. The heat generated in the cooling system condenser is used to warm the returned air to a temperature above that of the original intake. Each time the room air is passed through the dryer a quantity of moisture is removed from the air, therefore the humidity within the room is reduced. Refrigerant dryers are typically positioned within the room to be dried and require little attention whilst in operation.

The operation of desiccant dryers

A desiccant dehumidifier uses the hygroscopic properties of moisture-absorption materials such as silica gel or lithium chloride. These materials are impregnated within a rotating ceramic wheel, over which the humid air from the room is blown. The hygroscopic material absorbs a large percentage of the moisture from the air, therefore reducing the humidity in the area. The wheel is left very wet, it then continues to rotate slowly and the section which is saturated with moisture is heated with an electric heater, to vaporise the water. This warm and very humid air is then expelled outside through a length of flexible ducting. As well as being able to place a desiccant unit within a room that is to be dried, desiccant dryers are often used in applications where it is not possible to position a dryer, such as hazardous areas or areas with limited access such as pipes and tanks.

Selecting the right solution

Before choosing a dehumidifier solution, it is important to first take an account of the environment and space that requires treating. Some of the basics that need considering are:

What is the extent of humidity in the area?

What is the size of the place/area?

Is the building occupied or empty?

There are various models and types available - some of which are better suited to smaller applications with simpler controls and some for large scale industrial use or on construction sites. In some situations, particularly after flood damage, dehumidifiers operate more efficiently if used in conjunction with a heater and fan. For the most suitable model it is best to ask for advice as experts will do calculations using a hygrometer and psychrometric chart. They will also offer advice about the best way to seal a room before the dehumidification process starts and positioning of the units.

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