Research Paper: E.M. Forster's Contribution to the Development of English Novel about India by Dr. Rakesh Ravi

Research Paper: E.M

Research Paper: E.M. Forster's Contribution to the Development of English Novel about India by Dr. Rakesh Ravi

Research Paper: E.M. Forster's Contribution to the Development of English Novel about India by Dr. Rakesh Ravi

IntroductionE.M. Forster is an English novelist and essayist. His novels are written in a notable concise and fluid style. In his novels, he tries to find out those attitudes that create barriers between people.

Life and WorksForster was born in London on January 1, 1879. He was educated at King's College, Cambridge University. He wrote his first novel at the age of 26. The novel was 'Where Angels Fear to Tread'. It was published in 1905. His last notable novel was 'A Passage to India' (1924). The novel deals with the conflict of cultures in terms of the ambiguous personal relationship between an English visitor and an Indian during British rule. It displays Forster's own dislike of imperialism.

Comprehensive Social VisionForster believes in presenting a comprehensive social vision in his novels. For example, in 'A Passage to India', he presents a comprehensive picture of the whole set up. It consists of the Hindu, the Muslim and the Christian as well. A representative picture of Indian society may well be drawn with the help of the main characters in the novel who play important parts in the action of the novel. The educated or the intellectual class is represented by Dr. Aziz. He is the central figure in the novel but not the hero of the novel in the traditional sense of the term. But he is present almost in all the important scenes of the novel. Miss Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore are the main female characters in the novel. They represent the foreigners present in India. They both have recently come to India from England to study India and its people. But neither of the two is the heroine of the novel. Miss Adela Quested is a young woman. She is proposed to get married to Ronny Heaslop the District Magistrate of Chandrapore. The other aim of Miss Adela's visit to India is to see whether her married life with Ronny would be successful. She wishes to know if she may adjust with Ronny or not. Mrs. Moore is an old lady. She exercises a mysterious influence on Aziz and Adela in her life as well as after being dead. Ronny Heaslop, the District Magistrate at Chandrapore, is the son of Mrs. Moore from her second husband. Mr. Turton is the collector of Chandra pore. Major Calendar is the Civil Surgeon at the District Hospital of Chandrapore and Aziz is his assistant. Fielding is the Principal of the Government College at Chandrapore. He differs from the other Anglo-Indian officials. He is friendly with Aziz. By now there have appeared the Moslem and the Christian. To represent the Hindu, there is Godbole. He is a brahman by caste. He is a Professor of history at the Government College, Chandrapore. Hamidulla, Mahmoud Ali are friends to Dr. Aziz. The account of characters given above suggests an inward story that the English believed more in the Moslem than the Hindu. According to some scholars, among many causes a vital cause was the sense of untouchability and taking of vegetarian food.

A True Picture of IndiaForster is faithful in drawing the picture of India under the British. He presents a true picture how some of the English are rude and behave like slaves even with reputed Indians. On the other hand, there are some English who are gentle and believe in humanity.

The State of SlaveryThe story of the novel begins at the residence of Hamidullah. He is a friend to Dr. Aziz. Aziz is invited to a dinner party at Hamidullah's residence. Other Indians also take part in it. While the dinner is being served to the guests, Aziz gets a message from Major Calendar, the Civil Surgeon at the District Hospital of Chandra pore, to meet him immediately. Dr. Aziz is upset. Leaving the dinner, he runs to the Major Calendar's residence on his cycle.(These were not the days of scooters or cars). It is his bad luck that the cycle gets punctured. Dr. Aziz has to leave the cycle there. He hires a tonga to reach the residence of the Civil Surgeon. On reaching there, Aziz learns that the Civil Surgeon has already left the place. He has not even left a slip for him. When he comes out of the Civil Surgeon's house, he does not get any tonga. Aziz is very angry with the English who give no importance to the Indians and humiliate them like slaves.

Gentleness and HumanityTo relieve his hurt feeling, Aziz visits a mosque. He thinks over human life. Just then Mrs. Moore enters. He sees her removing her shoes. She does so for she does not want to disturb others. Seeing it, Dr. Aziz's anger disappears. Mrs. Moore has also come there to get some peace. She felt utterly oppressed at the English Club. A brief conversation between Aziz and Mrs. Moore takes place and her great gentleness and humanity impress Aziz. He becomes a true admirer of that old lady.

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