In 1983, the FCC widened the scope of the Aspen ruling by exempting debates sponsored by broadcasters as on-the-spot news coverage
. This cleared the way for the broadcast networks to sponsor debates in the presidential primaries, which they did for the first time in 1984. In the general elections, however, the debates have continued to be sponsored by an outside organization. Beginning in 1988, when the League of Women Voters objected to the level of candidate control demanded by Bush and Dukakis, the debates have been sponsored by the Presidential Debates Commission, a nonprofit organization head by the past chairs of the two major parties.