Samuel Morse And Joseph Henry And The Telegraph

Electricity can communicate The proof that electricity could be used to send out

communications was proven by one Professor Joseph Henry of the United States of America in 1830. Henry's proof that electrify could be used for communication came in the form of an experiment that he performed in hos Albany Academy classroom. He set-up apparatus consisting of a battery, a pivot mounted steel bar with a bell next to it, the steel bar hung near an electro magnet that Henry built from an iron bar that was wrapped in wire. To activate the electro magnet Henry completed a connection (circuit) between the battery and the two wires coming from the electro magnet. This resulted in making the steel bar swing and strike the bell. When the circuit between the battery and the electro magnet was disconnected the steel bar would come to a stop. This discovery lead to Henry assisting one Samuel F B Morse with his idea on how to convert this find into a code that could be used to represent language, and thus enable the creation of the first telegraph system.

The first practical telegraph system this was the brain child of one Samuel F B Morse, who in 1837 created the first ever working telegraph system. Professor Joseph Henry joined Morse in this endeavour to assist him in setting up a telegraph relay or repeater, that would allow the telegraph to be used across the country. The electrical signal as it travels along the wire degrades, and if a means of not boosting the signal is not implemented, then the signal would just fade away. The repeater or relay station would receive the signals, then retransmit it so that it could safely continue to its desired destination.

Morse's telegraph system and code The telegraph system created by Morse was made up of a battery which was used to supply power, a switch which was used to make an electrical circuit and to disconnect the electrical circuit (thus allow the encoding of messages), an electromagnetic receiver and transmitter which could be used to create a clicking sound when turned on and off, and a line that would be used to connect one telegraph station to another. In order to transmit messages across this telegraph system Morse had to come up with some way of encoding the messages so that these clicks that the electromagnetic receiver and transmitter produced could be interpreted as a legible message. Morse devised the Morse Code, which represented letters and number as a series of dots and dashes. A dot was a short break in the electrical signal, and a dash was a long break in the electrical signal. The break was achieved by the telegraph operator holding down the key (switch) of the electromagnetic receiver and transmitter which disconnected the electrical circuit.

This breakthrough in telecommunications was soon put to good use within the United States of America, and quickly superseded older and slower means of communication such as mail and clipper ships. The only places allowed to set-up a telegraph station were Western Union and certain large businesses.

by: Chucksta

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