Satellite Communication - A General Discussion Part 1
By the terms of the dictionary, a satellite is an object which revolves around another object
. For instance, the Moon may be a satellite of the Earth, and the Earth is one of the Sun. The phenomenon interested mankind to analyze a lot of on this concept and experiment on man-created satellite en-circling the Earth. It absolutely was thought that if such a satellite was place within the area, communication might be founded from one half of the world to the other. A communication satellite orbits around the world and in result is a synthetic satellite, stationed in area for the purpose of telecommunication. These satellites use the geosynchronous orbits, Molniya orbits or low polar Earth orbits.
A geosynchronous orbit is essentially a geocentric orbit, that takes the same time as the Earth to complete one orbit. If this satellite could be seen from ground, it would seem that the satellite is stationary and not moving at all. Satellites in such orbits are useful for telecommunication applications. Satellites in Molniya orbit have a highly elliptical, set at an angle, taking 12 hours to create a whole the orbit. A satellite in a low polar Earth orbit passes right higher than both the poles, inclined at a bound angle relative to the equator.
How are the objects kept in orbit?
Since man have been able to elevate his head towards the sky, he has looked up at the sky and wondered how that Sun is held up high above there, and why does not the Moon fall on us. It has only been concerning 300 years currently, that we tend to have developed the scientific reason on the items we have a tendency to were wondering concerning within the past. It had been within the late seventeenth century that Sir Isaac Newton place forth this basic law. The primary law says that, every object of matter in this universe attracts another, with a force, which is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the sq. of the space between the two. Thus, with the larger mass having bigger power to attract, this attraction gets weaker as the distance between the two objects are increased.
Newton's law of gravity means that the Sun pulls the Earth and the opposite entire planet during this universe, and therefore the Earth also pulling on the Sun. Since both are quite giant lots, the force of attraction should be large. The query comes, if the Sun is pulling all alternative planets, why do not the planets fall on the Sun?
The explanation to the present is, that the planets are moving sideways too at a nice velocity. Thus, taking the example of the Earth, by the point the Earth has fallen the 93,000,000 miles to the Sun, it has moved ninety three,000,000 miles sideways, far enough to miss the Sun. Likewise, by the time the Moon has fallen 240,000 miles to the Earth, it's moved 240,000 miles sideways, missing the Earth. This process is repeated continually and the Earth orbits the Sun and also the Moon the earth, in an exceedingly endless way. If any planet stops moving sideways and finds itself closer to the Sun, it will fall quickly while not missing the Sun. This sideways movement, known as the "angular velocity" prevents the Earth in falling into the Sun. The identical is true for all planets en-circling the Sun. The Moon would fall on to Earth if it had not had that angular velocity.
If the gravity of the Earth were to be turned off, the Earth would leave its circular trajectory and travel straight with a high velocity, reaching fifty billion miles out from the Sun in an exceedingly century's time. Hence, it is the gravitational forces of each the Sun and therefore the Earth, that holds the Earth during a orbit round the Sun. The orbiting Earth could be compared to a piece of stone tied to a string, which is swung in a circle holding the string at one end. If you were to jettisoning of the string, the stone, tied at the opposite end of the string, can fly off at a straight trajectory, just as Earth would do, if the gravity were to be turned off. This force is termed as the 'Centrifugal force.'
There will be a query regarding the time needed to complete one orbit. Will that depend upon the gap at that the thing is orbiting? After years of experiments, it was discovered, that the greater the distance, the more time it takes to complete one orbit. This was deduced from the formula, that the time taken, is directly proportional to the space of the object around that it's orbiting. Therefore, the planet which is at a bigger distance from the Sun, takes longer to complete one orbit. This time taken to complete one orbit is termed as 'orbital period.'
Artificial Satellites
Wanting at the primary law of Newton, it was understood that in principle it should be possible to place up a person-created satellite in the sky, that would orbit the Earth. As has been seen, this satellite would need a sideways velocity, like the planet, therefore that it will not fall back on Earth. If such a satellite is put up in the sky at a distance of 4,000 miles, it can have an orbital amount of approximately ninety minutes. To miss falling on to the Earth, this satellite would need to have a sideways velocity of 17,000 miles per hour.
Allow us to consider firing of a cannon ball. If the firing is quite weak, the cannon ball describes a parabolic path and lands up few hundred yards away. If we bring a heavier cannon ball, and attempt and shoot it a small amount further with greater force, the ball describes a parabolic path to the planet's surface and finishes up a few hundred miles away. This point the cannon ball goes over the Earth's curvature to describe its path. If now, the a super-heavy cannon ball is shot very forcefully to land a few thousand miles away, the ball would travel much further than what it might if the Earth was flat. Clearly it can be deduced that the Earth's curvature had some impact on the distance that this cannon ball traveled. Imagine that the speed of this cannon ball is five miles per second, i.e., 17,000 miles per hour. As it falls to the Earth, it misses the Earth's surface and also the Earth's gravitational force makes the ball continuously amendment its course in its the fall to the Earth. Therefore this cannon ball starts orbiting the Earth. Until the concept of rocket came in, such velocity was unthinkable and putting up a satellite in the sky remained a dream. Eventually the technology evolved and the first artificial satellite 'Sputnik,' was launched by the Russians in 1957. This satellite wasn't abundant additional than a basket ball and had a radio transmitter on board. It made 'Beep. Beep. Beep' sounds and would seem and disappear, again to re-appear in ninety minutes time.
Some years before the Americans place John Glen into the orbit, on-board an artificial satellite, the Russians had already launched Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space. All these satellites were launched at the same altitude, provide or take a few hundred miles, and each had the orbital time of 90 minutes. If these satellites were launched higher, for example at a height of twenty-two,300 miles, the orbital time would have been orbiting the Earth each twenty four hours. The skill required to launch the unreal satellites, therefore as to attain a geosynchronous orbit, didn't happen till 1963. This needed the satellite to be launched at a much higher altitude.
When you, recall to the dawn of area travel, the landing on the Moon by Apollo in 1969, seemed to be a large leap forward in space travel. Since that time, weather forecasting has technologically improved with geostationary meteorological satellites, sending the pictures that we see on tv everyday. The television broadcast has taken a leap with these satellites, where live telecasts are being beamed from one aspect of the planet to the other. The satellite aided voice communication has had a outstanding impact in getting facilitate during a remote area, where other communication isn't accessible, delivering the best speech quality with reliability.
With globalisation, factories and offices have come back up in the remote half of the world. These locations are often in those parts where fashionable communication network does not exist. Despite this, business wants to travel on and communication is vital. Satellite communication has just about brought these places quite close, bringing the communication network virtually to any location around the world. This has been done without the requirement of an infrastructure of wireless network, fiber optics, or perhaps copper cabling.
by: Meredith Skristin
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