Shahada - Arm Splint Manufacturer - China Foot Splint
Recitation
Recitation
audio (helpinfo)
Arabic text: Romanization: ahadu an laa ilha illa (A)llh, wa ahadu anna Muammada(n) raslo (A)llh
A single honest recitation of the Shahadah in Arabic is all that is required for a person to become a Muslim according to most traditional schools.
In usage the two occurrences of 'ahadu 'anna (or similar) = "I testify that" or "I bear witness that...", are very often omitted.
History
A mancus / gold dinar of the king Offa of Mercia, copied from the dinars of the Abbasid Caliphate (774); probably unintentionally, it still includes the Arabic text Muhammad is the Apostle of God.
One of the earliest surviving translations of the Shahadah into a foreign language is in Greek, from the reign of al-Walid I (8696 AH, 705715 CE): ] ] (Ouk esti[n theos ei m ho theos monos;] Maame[t apostolos theou]). "There is no god except for God alone; Muhammad is the Apostle of God."; i.e. "Allah", the Arabic word for "God", is translated as and Muhammad is transliterated as .
Conditions
The Islamic creed (Shahada), written in Arabic on a black background.
Muslims believe that the shahadah is without value unless it is earnest. Islamic scholars have therefore developed, based on the data of the Quran and hadith, essential criteria for an expression of the shahadah to be earnest. These criteria are generally divided into seven or eight or nine individual criteria; the varying numbers and orderings are not due to disagreements about what the criteria actually are, but rather different ways of dividing them.
One such list of seven critical conditions of the shahadah, without which it is considered to be meaningless, are as follows:[citation needed]. it also is 1 of the 5 pillars.
Al-'Ilm: Knowledge of the meaning of the Shahadah, its negation and affirmation.
Al-Yaqeen: Certainty perfect knowledge of it that counteracts suspicion and doubt.
Al-Ikhlaas: Sincerity which negates shirk.
Al-Sidq: Truthfulness that permits neither falsehood nor hypocrisy.
Al-Mahabbah: Love of the Shahadah and its meaning, and being happy with it.
Al-Inqiad: Submission to its rightful requirements, which are the duties that must be performed with sincerity to God (alone) seeking His pleasure.
Al-Qubool: Acceptance that contradicts rejection.
The second part of the Shahada carries several conditions as well:
To believe in the Prophet, sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam, and in whatever he said and conveyed in his message as the seal of the prophets.
To obey him in whatever he commanded.
To stay away from or avoid whatever he commanded Muslims not to do.
To follow or emulate him in our 'ibadah (worship), akhlaq (manners), and way of life.
To love him more than you love yourself, your family and anything else in this world.
To understand, practice, and promote his Sunnah in the best way possible, without creating any chaos, enmity or harm.
Flags
The flag of Saudi Arabia, displaying the Shahadah.
The flag of Afghanistan between 1997-2001, displaying the Shahadah.
The flag of Somaliland, featuring the Shahadah
Several national flags display the Shahadah:
The flag of Saudi Arabia, on a green background.
The unrecognized state of Somaliland.
From 1990 to 1992, the Islamic State of Afghanistan.
From 1997 to 2001, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, under the rule of the Taliban.
Per the 2004 draft constitution for Afghanistan, white script centered on a red background.
The flag of the Supreme Islamic Courts Council of Somalia.
Several other flags display the shahadah, such as the flag of Hamas.
Hadith
- -: - - : - - : : .
On the authority of Abu 'Abd al-Rahman 'Abdullah bin 'Umar bin al-Khattab, radiyallahu 'anhuma, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam, say: "Islam has been built upon five things - on testifying that there is no god save Allah, and that Muhammad is His Messenger; on performing salah; on giving the zakah; on Hajj to the House; and on fasting during Ramadhan." [Al-Bukhari & Muslim]
- - : - - - - . : : . : ! : : . : . : : . : : . : : . : : : .
Also on the authority of 'Umar, radiyallahu 'anhu, who said: "While we were one day sitting with the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam, there appeared before us a man dressed in extremely white clothes and with very black hair. No traces of journeying were visible on him, and none of us knew him. He sat down close by the Prophet, sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam, rested his knee against his thighs, and said, O Muhammad! Inform me about Islam." Said the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam, "Islam is that you should testify that there is no deity save Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger, that you should performsalah (ritual prayer), pay the zakah, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj (pilgrimage) to the House (the Ka'bah at Makkah), if you can find a way to it (or find the means for making the journey to it)." Said he (the man), "You have spoken truly." We were astonished at his thus questioning him and telling him that he was right, but he went on to say, "Inform me about iman (faith)." He (the Messenger of Allah) answered, "It is that you believe in Allah and His angels and His Books and His Messengers and in the Last Day, and in fate (qadar), both in its good and in its evil aspects." He said, "You have spoken truly." Then he (the man) said, "Inform me about Ihsan." He (the Messenger of Allah) answered, " It is that you should serve Allah as though you could see Him, for though you cannot see Him yet He sees you." He said, "Inform me about the Hour." He (the Messenger of Allah) said, "About that the one questioned knows no more than the questioner." So he said, "Well, inform me about the signs thereof (i.e. of its coming)." Said he, "They are that the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress, that you will see the barefooted ones, the naked, the destitute, the herdsmen of the sheep (competing with each other) in raising lofty buildings." Thereupon the man went off. I waited a while, and then he (the Messenger of Allah) said, "O 'Umar, do you know who that questioner was?" I replied, "Allah and His Messenger know better." He said, "That was Jibril. He came to teach you your religion."
[Muslim]
Turkish national anthem
The Shahadah is referenced in the eighth stanza of the Turkish national anthem which can be translated as:[citation needed]
Oh my Lord, the sole wish of my soul from you is that:
Never should touch the bosom of my Temple an infidel's hand!
These adhans, whose shahadahs are the backbone of the religion,
Eternally, may they resound over my precious homeland.
Differences
Minaret in Granada displaying the Shahadah in Kufic script
Muslims believe reference to previous prophets as Messengers (rasul), and a few groups (notably certain Sufi mystics) amend the declaration to mention prior prophets whose names are found in the Qur'an.[citation needed]
Sometimes 'ashhadu n = "I witness that" is prefixed to each half of the Shahadah.
Sometimes wa = "and" is prefixed to the first word of the second half of the Shahada.
Some Sh Muslims add " " "and Ali is the wali of God" (wa-liyun waliyu l-Lh), but this is not obligatory.
See also
Profession (religious)
Takfir
Takbir
Basmala (or Bismillah)
Kalima
Six Kalimas
List of Islamic terms in Arabic
List of Christian terms in Arabic
References
^ Farah (1994), p.135
^ "If You Decide to Convert they put this their most important pilar". http://www.al-islam.org/reflectionsnewmuslim/8.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
^ http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Papyri/enlp1.html
^ http://www.islamtomorrow.com/9points.htm
^ http://www.taimiah.org/Display.asp?ID=5&t=book17&pid=1&f=nawa-0003.htm#24355
^ http://fortyhadith.iiu.edu.my/hadith03.htm
^ http://www.taimiah.org/Display.asp?ID=4&t=book17&pid=1&f=nawa-0002.htm#4313
^ http://fortyhadith.iiu.edu.my/hadith02.htm
External links
What is Shahada?
Six Kalimah in Arabic, English and Urdu
Six Kalimas The Six Kalimas in Arabic, with English translation and transliteration.
LivingHalal.com Islamic audio glossary
AbdurRahman.org
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Categories: Arabic words and phrases | Five Pillars of Islam | National symbols of Afghanistan | National symbols of Saudi Arabia | Spiritual practiceHidden categories: Articles containing Arabic language text | Articles containing Ancient Greek language text | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007
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