Silk Road Travel

Silk Road Travel

Silk Road Travel

Development of trade and cultural ties with Central and South Asia, the Middle East, the Mediterranean - one of the brightest pages of ancient and medieval Chinese history. Originated in the II - I millennium BC, these relations become sustainable by the end I millennium BC The emergence and prosperity in the west and east Eurasia two great empires - the Roman and Han - led to the emergence of large markets for products and intensify trade relations. In both directions caravans loaded with a wide variety of goods, which have always valued very highly and enjoyed great success in distant countries.

A serious obstacle to China's rulers in their ambitious plans to strengthen his own power and move to the west remained Xiongnu (Hun) - warlike nomadic tribes, keep at bay the Central Asian states, and regularly raided the Celestial (the ancient Chinese self that emerged on the basis of cosmological and geopolitical representations). At the end of III - beginning of II century. BC Xiongnu who inhabited while the central part of Mongolia and the steppes Transbaikal, waged a successful war, and even forced the founder of the Han emperor Liu Pang to pay tribute. Not surprisingly, the fight against the nomads was a priority of foreign policy of China in that period.

Since coming to power of Emperor Udi (140 - 87 years. BC) initiative in the confrontation with the Xiongnu gradually transferred to the Chinese. A series of brilliant victories of talented generals allowed to push eternal enemy to the north and establish stable relations with neighboring states. However, these events were preceded by an amazing expedition Zhang Qian (? - 114 BC), which played a huge role in the formation of the Silk Road Travel. In 139 BC Udi sent his envoy to the western region to attract people there to the joint struggle against the Xiongnu. Particular attention was paid to a possible alliance with

Dayuechzhi - State of nomads (large Yuezhi), occupying large areas in Central Asia over the possessions of Xiongnu.

Has undeniable talent as a diplomat, courageous and resolute Zhang Qian was absent 13 years, of which more than a decade spent in captivity in Xiongnu. The first time he got there shortly after the departure of the Embassy of Luns - the border post north of the current Chinese city of Lanzhou (the provincial capital of Gansu). Only in 128 BC he succeeded with his faithful assistant Ganfu escape and eventually reach a state of Davan, located in the Fergana Valley. Here, Zhang Qian met a warm reception, as the local governor had hoped to engage in trade with China

relations. Messenger showed the famous Ferghana horses, which, according to ancient legend, were the descendants of dragons. Kony, "potevshie blood" and took place, allegedly, from the "heavenly horses", made him an indelible impression. Perhaps this is why Central Asia Zhang Qian brought home a valuable forage crops - alfalfa. Later with the help of davantsev he got first to the State Kantszyuy (between Lake Balkhash and Issyk-Kul), and then to the ultimate goal of their mission - Dayuechzhi (in the Amu Darya Basin).

Ruler Dayuechzhi shortly before (130 BC) conquered the State Dasya (Greco-Bactrian kingdom). Rich in mining, seized fertile land and a stable domestic political situation precluded, in his opinion, the possibility of continuing the war, the question of the formation of political and military alliance with China was irrelevant. Zhang Qian went his way, but soon re-captured to the Xiongnu, and only in 126 BC

arrived in the Chinese capital of Chang'an (now Xi'an), where his services were appreciated by the emperor.

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