Spanish Civil War

Almost in every Spanish citys history, they will not forget to mention the Spanish

Civil War which indicates the profound influence of this war on the country.

Between the 1880s and the First World War in 1914, the European powers started the invasion, attack and occupation of sovereign African territory. However, Spain did not benefit a lot during this process. Later, it suffered a lot from the Rif War of 1920 as The Moroccan Berber tribesmen had a long tradition of fierce fighting skills, combined with high standards of field craft and marksmanship. As a result, the power of the monarchy was undermined. The Second Spanish Republic was born from the dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera from 1923 to1931. States like the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia were given autonomy by the Republic and women were given the right to vote.

However, the Spanish Civil War broke out between the Republic which was supported by the Soviet Union and Mexico and a group of anti-fascist volunteers from different countries and the Nationalist which was supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in 1936. The war lasted three years and ended up with the victory of the Nationalist which was under the lead of General Francisco Franco who became a dictator later.

The war claimed above 500,000 lives and killed democracy in the cradle.

During the civil war, the year of 1937, the Spanish Republican government commissioned the great artist Pablo Picasso to create a large mural for the Spanish display at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) Paris International Exposition in the 1937 World's Fair in Paris. Then Picasso created the painting Guernica which depicts the tragedy of the civilians in Guernica of Basque Country which was heavily bombed by the Nazis during the Spanish civil war. After the display on the Paris International Exposition, the painting was exhibited all around the world. In fact, through this painting, the Spanish civil war drew the worlds attention. It acted as a symbol of anti-war and an embodiment of peace. Now this painting was collected by Reina Sofia Museum.

Nowadays, Spain is a constitutional monarchy with the King as Head of State and Prime Minister as Head of Government. With the Spanish Constitution of 1978, people in the country enjoy the democracy and religion freedom.

What highlights Spanish government is that it is the pioneer in gender equality issue. As the BBC reported, "no other modern, democratic, administration outside Scandinavia has taken more steps to place gender issues at the centre of government". The government is dedicated to keep a balanced gender equality ratio. It also issued Gender Equality Act in 2007 to promote gender equality in the Spanish political and economic life.

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by: johnalbert21

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