Stone Carving In Stone Masonry Is An Intricate Process
Stone carving is extremely important in stone masonry
, which must be carried out with absolute perfection in order to produce the right amount of detail and keep the existing damage-free.
It is an ancient stonemason skill involving pieces of rough natural stone being shaped by the controlled removal of stone.
The term stone carving is often used in all types of stone masonry architecture, building conservation, civil engineering and general stoneworks.
Stone carving has been a regular practice in stone masonry since ancient times for several reasons.
Durability is one reason, with stone lasting much longer than wood. The material also comes in many varieties so stonemasons have a wide choice of colour, quality and hardness.
Soft stone such as chalk can be carved very easily with items like harder stone or even using fingernails.
For hard stone, like limestone and marble you need to use simple and abrasive iron tools - usually tungsten carbide tipped tools are used, although abrasives still work well.
More modern techniques involve using abrasives attached to machines to cut the stone. Gemstones can also be carved into shapes for jewellery.
Some stones release dust to damage lungs, and an inhaler is often needed.
The tools for stone carving falls into four distinct categories:
1. Percussion tools: This is used hard hitting, such as mallets and toothed hammers.
2. Rough shaping tools: A stone block of the approximate size must be shaped before the details begin. Wedges and pitching tools are norm for this task.
3. Chisels: These are used to cut into the stone. Examples of this may be lettering chisels, points, pitching tools, and claw chisels. They could also come in the form of hand held or pneumatic powered tools.
4. Tools made with abrasives: This is important for erosion and might include drills, saws, grinding and cutting wheels or water erosion machinery.
Laser cutting and jet torches are used for advanced processes to shatter the stone at high temperature.
Stone carving tools some in many different shapes and varieties. Each individual carver will decide which tools to use and traditionalists may decided only to use hand tools.
1. Lettering chisels: These are perfect for creating small details of letters.
2. Fishtail carving chisels: You can create valleys and intricate carving, whilst with good visibility around the stone.
3. Masonry chisels: For general stone shaping.
4. Stone point tools: Rough out the stone surface.
5. Stone claw tools: These remove imperfections left by previous tools.
6. Stone pitching tools are used to remove large quantities of stone.
7. Stone nickers: Used to trace a line along the stone with progressive strikes until the stone breaks along the line.
It is useful to used powered pneumatic hammers to make the hard work a bit easier. Pneumatic carving tools is often much faster for shaping stone.
Air hammers have the ability to 'shave' the stone, allowing for smooth strokes.
Stone Edges stonemasons have produced many remarkable pieces of hand carved stone masonry and are able to replicate (on carefully sourced stone) virtually any detail required.
Absolute perfection is Stone Edges mantra with this stoneworks service.
Building conservation, stone restoration, stone cleaning and stone repairs some of Stone Edges key services.
by: Richard Denneny
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