The Culture Of Scotland Of Different Cultures
The culture of Scotland forms a synthesis of different cultures
, Celts, Picts and mainly English, who flooded the country. The natural relief, geographically delimiting the highlands, mountainous and isolated in the north and the lowlands, more open to cultural exchanges and trade with Britain, have played a significant role in establishing the Scottish cultural scene.
The history of Scotland has marked this diversity of origins, the various peoples who inhabited the country. Throughout antiquity and the early Middle Ages, the Celts, or Gaels, to the west, the Picts to the north and Britons, in the South have formed a mosaic of cultures and languages also influenced by the invasions Viking. These diverse origins are reflected even in the early twenty-first century in the various languages spoken in Scotland, English, Scots and Scottish galique, as reflected in the various mythologies in popular legends and beliefs. From the late Middle Ages, the political unification of Scotland has tended to the partial disappearance of cultural differences, the gap between the Lowlands and Highlands, however, remain very present.
The clan system formed the basis of Scottish society until the eighteenth century. The Act of Union in 1707 brings Scotland to England in the Kingdom of Great Britain. Uprisings, the Jacobite, tear the country apart between 1715 and 1745, while the Scottish Enlightenment philosophers were heavily involved in European movement of the Enlightenment, especially David Hume and Adam Smith. In 1746, the failure of the last Jacobite rebellion ended in a crackdown on national symbols, such as tartan, kilts and bagpipes, and a disintegration of traditional society. In the nineteenth century the industrial revolution, combined with the Highland Clearances, massive movements of emigration to the New World, will radically change the cultural landscape of Scotland and complete the transformation of society.
At this time, where traditional Scottish culture received a considerable contribution to British culture, and more broadly European, that two major Scottish writers Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scott, Scottish everyone celebrated the specificity, which later integrated into the Renaissance movement, Scottish accents more nationalistic. The sport has also developed, football quickly gaining popularity while golf is codified gradually.
In the early twenty-first century, the Scottish cultural nationalism coexists with a political union in the United Kingdom, and cultural heritage has a weight variable in the sense of national belonging. Various public agencies and private foundations preserving this heritage, aspects of which have aired in the rest of the world, particularly in North America.
Most of the Scottish media companies are branches spreading across the UK . Thus, the group of public television BBC Scotland , created in 1953, and its branch galique BBC Alba are attached to the media group of the BBC. Similarly, the major radio stations are those of the BBC: BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan Gaidheal. Many regional stations and independent exist yet . The private channels have emerged in 1957 with Scottish Television, the second channel's oldest group ITV, and Grampian Television in 1961 .
These chains, the largest in Scotland, merged in 2006 to give STV, ITV still attached . The nationally circulated newspapers are dominated by The Herald and The Scotsman. Founded in 1783, The Herald, guidance center left, is one of the oldest English language daily newspapers. The Scotsman was later founded in Edinburgh in 1817, and defended the pro-Union.
The donkeys thistle is a national symbol of Scotland since the reign of Alexander III (1249-1286) and was used from 1470 silver coins minted under Jacques III .
Legend has it that an old enemy has tried to attack the Scots night. One of the foreign soldiers, probably barefoot, have stepped on a thistle; its cry would have aroused the sentinels of Scotland, which would then sounded the alert. Some sources suggest it would be the battle of Largs, which marked the beginning of the withdrawal of the Viking king Haakon IV of Norway . In some variants of the legend, it is an English army.
The Order of the Thistle is a Scottish order of chivalry established June 6, 1687, by the king of Britain and Jacques II King of Scotland under the name of Jacques VII, who ruled both countries from 1685 to 1689. Their motto is Nemo me impune lacessit. The registered with The order is in St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh, Thistle Chapel. This is the highest award specifically Scottish equivalent to the Order of the Garter in England, which he is second in the protocol.
by: Laura Steinfield
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