Thermal Operation Of A Heat Pump

Heat pumps operate on a slightly different set of ideas than a typical domestic heater

. With a domestic heater, heat is generated through inefficiency in an electrical system this is the electrical resistance of a set of filaments causing them to heat up as a current passes through. Alternatively, a wood fire can heat us up via the release of thermal energy the tree uses solar energy to break up the carbon dioxide molecules in the air and absorb the carbon to use within its structure. This solar energy is effectively stored until we stimulate a combustion reaction that returns the carbon to the air and releases the stored energy in the form of thermal radiation and light.

A heat pump does not generate heat in the same sense that the above methods do. Instead a heat pump simply moves existing thermal energy against a thermal gradient. Usually this is facilitated through use of a fluid which is referred to as a refrigerant. The refrigerant essentially acts as a vessel for transporting thermal energy. The fluid can be ordinary air, but this is inefficient. Water is sometimes used, as are other chemicals. The heat pump relies on the presence of a heat source or heat sink with which thermal energy can be exchanged. External air is a relatively common source but can be inconsistent for certain applications dependent on climate. The Earth is a far more consistent source for this purpose at a certain depth underground, the temperature remains relatively constant and given its size, can source or sink a large amount of heat. The cost of using geothermal heat pumps is higher than that of air source pumps, primarily due to the infrastructure required to pump fluid underground for the heat exchange and back up to the facility. However, this initial outlay is balanced again greater efficiency and stability geothermal heat pumps can work out cheaper in the long run, despite their high implementation costs.

In the case of these ground source units, the fluid used to facilitate the heat exchange is often water, but in other industrial applications chlorofluorocarbons are used these fluids are volatile, and by manipulating the pressure of the refrigerant within the system via the use of pressure valves, can exploit the capacity of the chemical for evaporation and condensation in order to transfer the maximum heat from the target area to the designated source or sink.

by: Factgasm

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