Tin Manufacturing

Tin Manufacturing

Tin Manufacturing

Tin has been widely used as an element and in the form of its alloys. It has been used frequently in the form of food containers as it is known for being resistant to corrosion. It can easily be coated on other metals as it offers a protecting layer. The fluoride of tin is added to toothpaste in order to prevent the decay of teeth. It can be combined with copper to form bronze and brass. Efforts are being made to replace lead and cadmium with tin as both lead and cadmium are poisonous. Tin can be combined with lead to form an alloy called solder that can be used for the purpose of soldering in electronic components. In the case of solder, efforts are being made to replace lead with silver.

The manufacturing of tin started as early as 3500 B.C. The first step in the manufacture of tin is mining that is followed by its extraction from the ore called cassiterite. It is found in combination with other materials like limestone, carbon, silica and coal. Mining is followed by refining of the ore to remove its physical and chemical impurities. For this purpose it is made to pass through a vibrating chamber. This process gets rid of some impurities and makes the ore concentrated and the concentrated ore starts floating on top of the chamber.

The dried ore is made to pass through another screening process for further particle removal. The ore obtained at this stage is about 80% pure. This is followed by the application of a magnetic field that results in the removal of iron content. The passage of the ore through the region of magnetic field results in purification that is up to 95%.

This is followed by a process called smelting. The ore is mixed with carbon and fed into a furnace and it is heated to a temperature of about 1400 degree centigrade till it becomes slag. The slag is then transferred to a second furnace. Limestone and silica are added at this stage and extra heating results in the removal of some more impurities.

The tin obtained at the end of the smelting process is called crude tin. It is then agitated in the presence of steam and this leads to the collection of impurities at the top which can be removed manually. The tin that is now obtained is almost 99.9% pure.

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