Tinnitus And Hyperacusis
What a tinnitus?
What a tinnitus?
Tinnitus corresponds to 'buzz' or 'whistling' heard in one or both ears or in the head in the absence of any sound source into the surrounding environment.
Do you hear noises without identification of their source in your environment? If so, you may be suffering from tinnitus. This problem seems to affect 10-17% of the general population worldwide. Applying our country the results of a recent German study, an estimated 2.34 million the number of holders of tinnitus in France, 1.67 million of the aggressive tinnitus and 300 000 were unbearable tinnitus. In addition, approximately 200,000 new cases per year would be deplorable.
Research in this area will develop in various countries. Their results are a World Congress which, since Congress, Cambridge (United Kingdom) in September 1999, is held every three years rather than every four years due to the increase in work in this area. The last was held in Fremantle (Australia) in March 2002 and the next will be held in Pau in September 2005. This problem is the thematic focus of a research team of the laboratory: a fundamental first seeks to clarify the mechanisms and physio-psycho-pathological brought into play in order to lead the development of new therapeutic strategies.
There are two forms depending on whether or not can be heard by others than the one that suffers. If yes, it is called Objective tinnitus. He is very few cases in which noise is the result of vascular abnormalities or abnormal contraction of muscles of head and neck, or structural defects of the inner ear. In the opposite case, it is called subjective tinnitus, whose origin can be at any level of the auditory pathways from the external ear canal to the brain, however, the most common cause is cochlea. Tinnitus can occur at any age but appears mostly in the second part of life, after 60 years. Indeed, he often accompanies hearing loss at high frequencies associated with aging (presbycusis), but the hearing loss associated with exposure to occupational noise (sheet metal, sheet metal, spinning, or bands ....) leisure time (hunting, shooting, rock concerts and orchestras, players ...). Misuse of portable and non-compliance regarding noise levels in the theaters (cinemas, concert halls, clubs ...) are behind the development of premature aging of the hearing . Thus in a recent study on a national sample of students in grades 5th, it was found in 49% of children tested the existence of hearing loss at high frequencies that had previously not s'obervait than fifty. This lowering of the age of events related to aging of the sensory cells of the hearing today is reflected by a rejuvenation of the population of people with tinnitus.
It is a symptom not a disease; various sources, may be associated with various disorders: allergic reactions, disorders of the external ear, middle ear and / or the inner ear , Meniere's syndrome, acoustic neuroma, head trauma, hypertension, endocrine disorders, etc. ... The dismemberment and the classification of its various forms is still in its basics and that's probably why there is still no medication can suppress tinnitus.
Tinnitus is not itself an auditory hallucination. It is distinguished by the content of crude noises heard (pure tones or noise bands of varying widths meaningless) and the fact that the patient is aware that they stem from his own body. It follows the production of abnormal nerve signals at any level of the auditory pathways which, after processing by the latter is interpreted as a sound when it reaches the auditory cortex. This abnormal signal is usually tied to the existence of minor malfunctions of sensory cells. However, their existence does not suffice to make the tinnitus is heard. He can not attain consciousness only under certain conditions (probably an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, our system controlling automatic functions (respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, intestinal motility, ....), sweating caused by stress, fatigue the disease. Once perceived by the subject, the tinnitus can be two very different futures: tinnitus very similar in frequency and intensity will be easily ignored by a majority of patients who will not or little affected, whereas that of other (20%), constantly aware of their presence, may complain of difficulty concentrating, sleep disorders and a significant decrease in their quality of life.
The orientation towards one or other of these directions will likely depend on functioning of the autonomic nervous system and the emotional significance of the tinnitus patient concerned.
Indeed neuropsychology tells us that new or sound stimuli associated with negative experiences are treated as meaningful sounds and evoke an emotional response that prepares the body for an escape response or confrontation, the repetition of these sounds is reflected by enhancing their perceptions and resistance to removal by other stimuli. Instead, the repetition of neutral signals accompanied by the gradual disappearance of induced responses, which corresponds to the phenomenon of habituation. The fate of tinnitus with no emotional significance for the subject is habituation.
by: Jenny Glover
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