Types of software
Types of software
Types of software
_ System Software
_ Application Software
_ Open source Software and
_ Proprietary Software
System Software:
(1) System Software includes the Operating System and all the utilities that enable the Computer to function.
(2) System software is a term referring to any computer software which manages and controls the hardware so that application software can perform a task.
Example:
Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter.
Operating System is software, which makes a computer to actually work. It is the software the enables all the programs we use.
_ The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
_ OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware.
Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.
Compiler: It is a program that reads a program in one language the source language and
translates into an equivalent program in another language the target language.
Source Languages Target Languages
C' language C' language
Pascal' language Machine language
FORTRAN language
C++ language
ADA language
Loader: A loader is the part of an operating system that is responsible for loading programs into
memory, preparing them for execution and then executing them. The loader is usually a part of the operating system's kernel and usually is loaded at system boot time and stays in memory until the system is rebooted, shutdown, or powered off.
Linker: A linker or link editor is a program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into a single executable program. Linkers can take objects from a collection called a library. The objects are program modules containing machine code and information for the linker. The linker takes care of arranging the objects in a program's address space.
Interpreter: An interpreter is a computer program that translates and executes instructions written in a computer programming language line-by-line, unit by unit etc. An interpreter needs to be able to analyze, or parse, instructions written in the source language.
Example: Lisp systems, etc.
Application Software:
Application Software includes programs that do real work for user.
Example:
Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and
Database Management System etc.
Word Processors:
Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating, editing, and printing documents. Word processors will normally have the following capabilities built into them:
_ Spell checking
_ Standard layouts for normal documents
_ Have some characters appear in bold print, italics, or underlined
_ Center lines make text line up on the left side of the paper, or the right side of the paper
_ Save the document so it can be used again
_ print the document.
Examples: WordPerfect and Microsoft Word
Spreadsheets:
The spreadsheet packages are designed to use numbers and formulas to do calculations with ease. Examples of spreadsheets include:
_ Budgets
_ Payrolls
_ Grade Calculations
_ Address Lists
The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are Microsoft
Excel and Lotus 123.
Graphic Presentations:
The presentation programs can make giving presentations and using overheads easier. Other
uses include:
_ Slide Shows
_ Repeating Computer Presentations on a computer monitor
_ Sound and animation in slideshows.
The most recognized graphic presentation programs are Microsoft PowerPoint and Harvard Graphics
Database Management System (DBMS):
_ A DBMS is a software tool that allows multiple users to store, access, and process data into useful information.
_ Database programs are designed for these types of applications:
_ Membership lists
_ Student lists
_ Grade reports
_ Instructor schedules
All of these have to be maintained so you can find what you need quickly and accurately.
Example: Microsoft Access, dBASE, Oracle.
Open Source Software:
Open source software (OSS) is computer software whose source code is available under a
license that permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in
a modified or unmodified form. It is often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape, Apache, etc.
Proprietary Software:
Proprietary software (also called non-free software) is software with restrictions on using,
copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor. Restrictions on use, modification and
copying is achieved by either legal or technical means and sometimes both._ Proponents of proprietary software are Microsoft.
Example: CAD, Nortan Antivirus etc.
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