Venus: The Lonely Planet Who Produces More Volcanoes
The surface of Venus is dominated by an intense volcanism and produces more volcanoes than the other planets of the solar system
. It has a surface composed of 90 basalt, and about 80 of the planet is a mosaic of volcanic rock and lava plains, indicating that volcanism played a major role in shaping its surface. Scientists believe that the planet must have known a great event Resurfacing (almost complete renewal of its surface) there are about 300 or 500 million years , based on the density of impact craters on the surface. Although there are more than 1600 major volcanoes on Venus, none are known to be erupting now and most are probably long extinct.
However, the Magellan radar showed evidence of relatively recent volcanic activity on Venus. The highest volcano Maat Mons is the planet. Although many facts suggest that Venus is likely to have volcanic activity today, no eruption of Maat Mons has been confirmed. In April 2010, Suzanne E. Smrekar has announced the discovery of three active volcanoes, which suggests that Venus has steadily rebuilt its surface by lava flows. The absence of plate tectonics seems to prove that the heat builds up under the crust. When the pressure becomes too strong, every few hundred million years, the planet explodes, releasing huge quantities of lava, so causing the renewal of the surface.
The surface of Venus is:
- Shield volcanoes. On Venus, where there is no plate tectonics or sea water, volcanoes are shield type. However, the morphology of shield volcanoes Venus is different on the ground, shield volcanoes can measure a few tens of kilometers wide and up to 10 kilometers high (in the case of Mauna Kea, measured from the seafloor) . On Venus, these volcanoes can cover hundreds of kilometers, but they are relatively flat, with an average height of 1.5 km.
-Unusual volcanoes called literally, pancake dome pancakes, pancake domes in English. It is a typical form of volcanism of Venus. They are dome-shaped cakes with a diameter of about 25 km to a maximum altitude of 750 m. They were formed by eruptions of viscous lava, which can not drain away from the volcano, rich in silica, under the high atmospheric pressure of Venus, perhaps over several successive eruptions, each increasing slightly laltitude, and obstructing the chimney.
The Crown or Corona. It is a word created by Soviet scientists to describe elliptical structures observed on the images of Venera 15 and 16. The center is more or less irregular. It is surrounded by concentric rings of ripples separated by furrows. We can count up to 12 lines around a corona. These are typical structures of Venus are rare in the lowlands, common in the plains vallonia. There were 176 coronae, whose diameters range from 60 to 2,000 km, the average diameter of 250 km and covering 49 000 km2. The width of the ring ranges from 10-150 km. The coronae are fairly well distributed over the planet, but still a reunion between Aphrodite Terra (Atla Regio) and the Beta group, Phoebe and Themis Regiones.
Other unique features of the surface of Venus, Novas (novae) (networks or radial grabens Dyke) and Arachnoids (structures similar to the previous one: The crust is broken around the corona, in many radial grabens. A nova is formed when large quantities of magma are extruded on the surface to form ridges and trenches which are highly reflective to radar.
They form a network symmetrical about a central point where the lava is emerging, and where depression may be caused by the collapse of the magma chamber. Arachnoids (whose diameter may reach several hundred km) are so named because they resemble a spider web, with several concentric ovals surrounded by a complex network of radial fractures similar to those of a nova. We do not know if this one share a common origin or are the result of different geological processes.
The "tic-like structures that are not present on Earth, also called English Scalloped margin dome. They are commonly called ticks because they appear as domes with many legs. They are regarded as having been the movements such as landslides. Occasionally, deposits of debris are scattered around them.
by: Laura Steinfield
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